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Short-term shares of other wiring companies were sold. Accounting for securities in accounting

What accounting entries should reflect the purchase of shares, in this case: the seller is a non-resident individual; buyer-joint stock company (resident); shares belong to the resident JSC; Is the purchase price of the shares lower than their par value? Where and on what line should the purchase of shares be reflected in the income statement? Do I need to include information about stock purchases in other reports?

The purchase of shares is reflected by entries Debit 58 Credit 76, Debit 76 Credit 51 of the Chart of Accounts at actual cost. The purchase of shares in itself is not reflected in the profit declaration; acquisition costs will need to be shown in the declaration only at the time of their sale. Also, information on the acquisition of shares will be reflected in the financial statements if at the time of its preparation the shares are not sold.

Oleg the Good, Head of the Department of Profit Taxation of Organizations of the Department of Tax and Customs Tariff Policy of the Ministry of Finance of Russia

How to reflect in accounting and taxation the acquisition of shares (shares) of other organizations

Accounting

For accounting purposes, shares (shares) acquired from another organization are financial investments (clause and PBU 19/02). Take them into account in account 58 “Financial investments”, subaccount 1 “Units and shares”.

When purchasing shares (shares), make the following entry:

Debit 58-1 Credit 76
– shares (shares) were acquired.

Analytical accounting of received shares (shares) can be organized:

  • individually (i.e., each share or share);
  • homogeneous aggregates (i.e., for example, series, batches, etc.).

At the same time, in analytical accounting it is necessary to disclose the following information: name of the issuer, number, series of the security, nominal price, purchase price, costs associated with the acquisition, total quantity, date of purchase, storage location, etc.

Choose an accounting unit in such a way as to generate complete and reliable information about shares, ensure control over their availability and movement, and also rationalize the work of the accounting department.

The choice of accounting unit and the rules for disclosing information about financial investments should be reflected in the organization’s accounting policies for accounting purposes.

The possibility of simultaneously taking into account the costs of purchasing securities as part of the organization’s other expenses, as well as the criteria for the materiality of expenses, should be reflected in the organization’s accounting policy for accounting purposes (clauses and PBU 1/2008).

Do not take into account general business expenses in the initial cost of shares (except for cases when they are directly related to the acquisition of financial investments) (paragraph 8, paragraph 9 of PBU 19/02). If shares (shares) were purchased with borrowed funds, do not include interest on loans and borrowings in the initial cost (paragraph 7, paragraph 9 of PBU 19/02 and paragraph 7 of PBU 15/2008).

Situation: at what cost in accounting to capitalize acquired shares traded on the securities market

Reflect the purchased shares in accounting at their original cost in the general manner.

The fact that shares are traded on the securities market does not matter for the purposes of their capitalization in accounting (clause and PBU 19/02). This will be important for their further revaluation (Section III PBU 19/02) and disposal (Section IV PBU 19/02).

An example of reflecting in accounting the acquisition of shares of another organization

On May 6, LLC Trading Company Hermes acquired a stake in JSC Manufacturing Company Master through the intermediary LLC Alpha. The number of shares purchased is 10 pieces. The acquisition cost is 6,000 rubles. per share. The intermediary's remuneration is 2360 rubles. (including VAT - 360 rubles).

Hermes transferred the payment for the cost of the shares and the remuneration to the intermediary to Alpha’s account on May 12 in one payment order (the intermediary participates in the settlements).

Hermes takes into account non-essential costs for the acquisition of financial investments as part of other expenses. The materiality criterion established in the accounting policy of the organization is 5 percent of the cost of the acquired financial investment. The accounting unit for financial investments is a share.

To account for settlements with intermediaries, the Hermes accountant opened a subaccount “Settlements with intermediaries” to account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors”.

Debit 58-1 Credit 76 subaccount “Settlements with intermediaries”
– 60,000 rub. (6000 rubles ? 10 pcs.) – shares of the “Master” organization were purchased.

At the same time, in the analytical accounting of Hermes, 10 accounting units are included in the financial investments - 10 shares of Master.

The amount of the intermediary's remuneration is an insignificant expense, since it does not exceed 5 percent of the value of incoming financial investments:
2360 rub. : (6000 rub./pcs. ? 10 pcs.) ? 100% = 4%.

Therefore, the Hermes accountant wrote off these costs as other expenses of the current reporting period:

Debit 91-2 Credit 76 subaccount “Settlements with intermediaries”
– 2360 rub. – the intermediary’s remuneration is taken into account in other expenses.

Debit 76 subaccount “Settlements with intermediaries” Credit 51
– 62,360 rub. (RUB 60,000 + RUB 2,360) – the cost of the acquired shares and remuneration were transferred to the intermediary.

Income tax

With any method of calculating income tax, the acquisition of shares and interests does not affect taxation until the moment of their disposal.

Stock

Expenses for the acquisition of shares, like any other securities, reduce the basis for calculating income tax only upon their further disposal. In this case, record the cost of purchasing shares, for example, in tax accounting registers. You will need it when you determine the result of the sale of shares or their other disposal.

Do not forget to check the transaction price for shares to ensure compliance with the market price. Moreover, different rules apply for shares that are and are not traded on the securities market. All this is provided for in articles and subparagraph 7 of paragraph 7 of Article 272 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

Include the costs associated with the acquisition of shares (shares) in the purchase price. Take them into account at the time of sale (other disposal) of the share (share). This procedure follows from subparagraph 2.1 of paragraph 1 of Article 268, subparagraph 7 of paragraph 7 of Article 272 and paragraphs 2–3 of Article 280 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

If, in accounting, an organization decides to write off immaterial acquisition-related costs as other expenses, a deductible temporary difference will arise and a corresponding deferred tax asset will arise. It will be repaid at the time of disposal of the acquired financial investments. This follows from the points

The share secures the right of its owner to receive dividends from the joint-stock company (JSC), to participate in management decisions, and to receive a share of the property upon its liquidation. Accounting for the availability and movement of funds invested in shares is carried out on the account. 58 subaccount 1 “Units and shares”. In this article we will consider in detail the accounting of shares and the rules for making entries.

Purpose of shares and actions performed with them

JSC issues this security. Their value at face value, circulation, and the amount of authorized capital (AC) are determined by the first meeting of participants. These data are reflected in the Charter and documents for registration of the issue. The nominal price of the issued shares corresponds to the size of the authorized capital of the joint-stock company.

You can perform the following actions with shares: (click to expand)

  • Issue additionally;
  • Change the denomination;
  • To be repurchased by the issuer;
  • Cancel;
  • Buy and sell, exchange, give;
  • Invest in the management company.

Step-by-step accounting instructions

Step 1. Primary issue. Shares are issued upon opening a joint-stock company in order to form the authorized capital and pay for it. Analytical accounting is carried out according to the stages of its creation. To do this, open subaccounts to the account. 80:

  • 1 - announced management company;
  • 2 - subscription;
  • 3 - paid.

The relevant accounting entries are presented in the table.

Step 2. Accounting for shares on the balance sheet. Shares are strict reporting forms (SSR) and are reflected in the off-balance sheet account of the same name. 006. This is due to the fact that their production and placement occurs over a period of time.

When paying for printing services, make the following entry:

Dt 20 Kt 60 and Dt 60 Kt 51 - the costs of producing shares are reflected;

Dt 006 - the nominal value of the forms is taken into account.

Step 3. Placement of shares.

The actual disposal of BSO is reflected as follows:

Kt 006 and Dt 80.2 Kt 80.1 - the value of the shares is written off at par.

BSO can be placed at a cost higher than the nominal value. The difference is made according to the following wiring:

Dt 75.1 Kt 83 - the difference in prices is taken into account.

Step 4. Increasing the capital. If the initial capital is paid, participants may decide to increase it. It is formatted like this:

Dt 83, 84 Kt 80 - authorized capital increased due to additional or retained earnings;

Dt 75 Kt 80 - the amount by which the capital will increase at the expense of the funds of the JSC participants is taken into account.

Step 5. Reducing the capital. This procedure is necessary if part of the primary issue securities is not paid for or is not sold within a year, or within two years, according to reporting data, the size of the capital exceeds the amount of net assets (the difference between the value of property and the organization’s liabilities).

Possible transactions to reduce the capital are presented in the table.

Step 6. Dividend distribution. JSC participants have the right to receive income from shares for a certain period. Postings for accrual of dividends differ depending on whether the JSC employee receives them or not:

Dt 84 Kt 70 - for employees;

Dt 84 Kt 75 - for other persons.

Dividend amounts are reduced by the amount of taxes:

Dt 70 Kt 68 - personal income tax of employees;

Payment transactions are reflected as follows:

Dt 70 Kt 50, 51 - for employees;

Dt 70 Kt 50, 51, 52 - for other shareholders.

Step 7. Sale of securities to other organizations.

Step 8. Purchase of shares of other joint-stock companies.

Step 9. Making a profit.

Dt 51 Kt 76 - dividends received;

Dt 76 Kt 91 - dividends accrued.

Accounting for stock purchases

A company may purchase shares of another firm through an allotment of shares in an initial public offering or through a purchase and sale document. This must be reported to the tax office within one month from the date of purchase. An exception is equity participation in LLCs, business partnerships, with a share of less than 10%.

Purchased shares are accounted for as financial investments. The accounting procedure is fixed in PBU 19/02.

Analytics is carried out individually or in homogeneous batches. The analytics must reflect the following data: name of the issuer, details of the share, nominal and purchase price, acquisition costs, number of securities (securities), transaction date, storage procedure, etc.

Investments in securities are recorded at their initial cost. It includes expenses:

  • To purchase;
  • For information services and consultations;
  • Encouraging intermediaries;
  • Others caused by the acquisition;
  • VAT on costs.

The costs of purchasing shares can be included in other expenses if their value differs slightly from the price of the securities. Costs are recognized as other in the same reporting period in which the shares are accounted for. The initial cost does not include general business expenses, credit funds and interest on them.

Example. Purchase of shares from OJSC

Parus LLC bought 15 shares from Mayak OJSC through an intermediary - Matros LLC. The remuneration for services amounted to 2832 rubles, including VAT - 432 rubles. The price of one paper is 5,500 rubles. The costs of purchasing Parus shares will be taken into account as other expenses, since they are immaterial. The significance criterion is fixed in the accounting policy in the amount of 5% of the value of securities.

To account for settlements with Matros LLC, the accountant of Parus LLC opened an account. 76 subaccount 5 “Settlements with intermediaries.” He reflected the purchase of shares as follows:

Dt 58.1 Kt 76.5 82500 rub. (5500 * 15) - shares purchased;

2832 / (5500 * 15) * 100% = 3.4% - intermediary costs are insignificant;

Dt 91.2 Kt 76.5 2832 rub. - purchase costs are written off as other costs;

Dt 76.5 Kt 51 85332 rub. (82500 + 2832) - money is transferred to the intermediary.

The purchased shares are stored at the enterprise's cash desk or in a special storage facility (depositary). Its functions include the safety of BSO and their accounting. He receives a certain percentage and resells the securities on behalf of the owner.

Accounting for shares when selling: postings

The owner of shares can dispose of them at his own discretion: (click to expand)

  • Sell;
  • Invest in management companies of other companies;
  • Pay for goods;
  • Transfer free of charge.

The sale of shares in accounting is shown as a disposal of financial investments (clause 25 of PBU 19/02):

Dt 76 Kt 91.1 - securities sold;

The price of the shares is reflected in the purchase and sale agreement. When selling such assets, the company's income includes the receipt of money or other property from the counterparty. Income is taken into account when rights to securities are transferred to a new owner. If a reserve was created for the impairment of securities, then the corresponding amounts also relate to the income of the reporting period in which they were deregistered.

The costs of selling securities include the cost of their acquisition and expenses associated with the sale. For example, the work of intermediaries, depository, credit institution, etc. They are reflected in the debit of the account. 91. Read also the article: → “”. The difference in the turnover of this account displays the financial result from the disposal of shares. They write it off to the account. 99 "Profits and losses."

Revaluation of shares

Changes in the value of shares during their revaluation must be reflected in accounting. Before generating reports, accounting departments need to have data on the current value of shares on the market. To do this, their value is adjusted as of the previous reporting date.

Revaluation is carried out by order of management. Its results are recorded in an act prepared in any form. It must contain conclusions about the revaluation of assets, depreciation or impairment. The results must have documentary evidence: reports of quotes based on trading results, expert opinion, etc.

Example. Revaluation of shares in an organization: postings

At the beginning of the year, the company’s share package was worth 850,000 rubles. At the end of the quarters, this value changed and amounted to:

I quarter - 845,000 rub.;

II quarter -870,000 rub.;

III quarter -883,500 rub.;

IV quarter - 886,000 rub.

In accounting, the changes that have occurred will be reflected as follows:

Dt 91.1 Kt 58.1 5000 rub. (850000 – 845000);

Dt 58.1 Kt 91 25000 rub. (870000 – 845000);

Dt 58.1 Kt 91 13500 rub. (883500 – 970000);

Dt 58.1 Kt 91 2500 rub. (886000 – 883500).

Types of shares, their significant differences

Shares can be simple or preferred.

Index Simple Privileged
Interest paymentFrom the remaining profit after settlement of preferred securitiesAs a matter of priority
Payout percentageDepends on incomeFixed
The owner's right to vote at the meeting of participantsIt hasDoesn't have
Receiving a share of assets upon liquidation of a joint stock companySecondary rightFirst priority

Under ordinary dividends, dividends are paid from the part of the profit remaining after paying a percentage of income under preferred ones.

Documents required for transactions

Shares are acquired under a purchase and sale agreement. It must be in writing and must contain the following information:

  • Details of the parties;
  • Information about the object of the transaction: issuer, details, par value, etc.;
  • Cost of securities upon purchase;
  • Other conditions: payment terms, fines, etc.

The purchase of shares is formalized by a randomly drawn up primary document. For example, an act of acceptance and transfer. The acquisition is also confirmed by extracts from the acquirer’s account or from the register.

Payment for shares is reflected in bank statements and payment documents. When securities are stored at the cash desk, they are recorded in a special register (book). The document contains basic information about the shares and is kept in two copies.

Annual share reporting

The requirements for financial reporting of joint stock companies are established by the accounting law. It is compiled annually and includes a balance sheet, a form on profits and losses, changes in capital, cash flows and their intended use, appendices, an explanatory note, and audit results.

To disclose information on the issue of shares, JSCs must prepare an annual report. The requirements for its content are in Regulation No. 454-P dated December 30, 2014. The document must contain the following information:

  • JSC's place in the industry;
  • Key activities;
  • Report of the management council on the results of the development of the joint-stock company;
  • Data on the volume of energy resources consumed per year (by quantity and amount);
  • Development forecast;
  • Interest payment report;
  • Indication of the reasons for the risk;
  • List of major transactions completed during the year and detailed information about them (conditions, responsible person, etc.);
  • The composition of the supervisory board, changes in it, biography of members, transactions carried out by them;
  • Other information (Article 70.3 of Regulation No. 454-P).

According to the Law on JSC No. 208-FZ of December 26, 1995, public companies must disclose data on the annual report and accounting final papers, a securities prospectus, and report on the holding of a meeting of shareholders. The volume and procedure for providing information is regulated by Regulation No. 454-P.

Frequently asked questions and answers regarding share accounting

Question No. 1. When is ownership of a share assigned to the buyer?

If the rights are taken into account in the depositary, then from the date of making an entry in the buyer’s securities account. If the rights are taken into account in the registry system, then when making an entry for posting in the personal account of the acquirer.

Question No. 2. In what form can an agreement for the purchase and sale of shares be concluded?

As a rule, a single document is drawn up in two copies. Art. 432, 454 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation allow the exchange of contracts electronically or send them by mail.

Question No. 3. How to reflect dividends received in dollars?

There may be exchange rate differences between the dollar exchange rate on the date of accrual of interest and their actual receipt into the account. The wiring looks like:

Dt 76 Kt 91 - dividends accrued;

Dt 52 Kt 76 - dividends were credited to the account (accrued amount);

Dt 52 Kt 91 - the exchange rate difference is reflected.

Question No. 4. What consequences will the JSC have for failure to publish information or for untimely disclosure?

An administrative penalty in the form of a fine is provided. For officials 30,000-50,000 rubles. or disqualification of the manager for 1-2 years. For organizations 700,000-1,000,000 rub.

Question No. 5. What entry is used to document the creation of a reserve for impairment of shares?

The reserve relates to other expenses and is documented by posting: Dt 91.2 Kt 59. Accounting for shares and related transactions has its own nuances. The main feature is dividing them into “us” and “strangers”. The securities of other joint-stock companies are taken into account in the same way as financial investments, and their own - with characteristic differences.

An organization can receive shares (shares) of another organization not only as a founder during the initial placement of shares (distribution of shares), but also purchase them under a purchase and sale agreement from a shareholder (participant) of the company (clauses 2, 4 of Article 454 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).

Attention: the tax office must be notified of the acquisition of shares (shares). Violation of this order will result in liability.

Within a month from the date of acquisition of shares or interests, send a notice of participation to your tax office:

  • in Russian organizations according to form No. S-09-6, approved by order of the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated June 9, 2011 No. MMV-7-6/362;
  • in foreign organizations in a form that must be developed by the Federal Tax Service of Russia (letter of the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated January 16, 2015 No. OA-3-17/87).

An exception is participation in business partnerships and LLCs or if the share of such participation is no more than 10 percent. There is no need to report these facts to the inspectorate.

This procedure is established by subparagraph 2 of paragraph 2 and subparagraph 1 of paragraph 3.1 of Article 23 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

Do this regardless of the following factors:

  • whether the organization is a professional participant in the securities market or not;
  • what is the purpose for which the shares (shares) were purchased: generating income, further resale, etc.

This follows from letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 17, 2008 No. 03-02-07/1-290, dated January 28, 2008 No. 03-02-07/1-34.

If you do not notify the tax inspectorate about the acquisition of shares (stakes), during the audit, the organization may be brought to tax liability under paragraph 1 of Article 126 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (see, for example, resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Ural District dated July 9, 2008 No. F09-4833/08 -C3). According to decisions of tax inspectorates made after September 2, 2010 (the date of entry into force of Law No. 229-FZ of July 27, 2010), the fine may be 200 rubles. for each document not submitted. This follows from the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 12 of Article 10 of the Law of July 27, 2010 No. 229-FZ.

Situation: When does the ownership of the share and other rights arising upon the acquisition of the share pass to the buyer?

A share is a registered issue-grade security (Article 2 of the Law of April 22, 1996 No. 39-FZ). It is issued only in undocumented form (Article 16 of the Law of April 22, 1996 No. 39-FZ). Therefore, the moment of transfer of ownership of shares depends on how the accounting of rights to this security is organized.

The right to a registered uncertificated security and the rights certified by it pass to the acquirer:

  • from the moment of making a credit entry in the securities account of the purchasing organization - in the case of registration of rights to securities in the depository;
  • from the moment of making a credit entry to the personal account of the buyer's organization - in the case of recording rights to securities in the system of maintaining a securities register.

Documenting

Confirm the fact of receiving shares (shares) as a result of a transaction of purchase and sale of financial investments primary document . Compose it in any form (clause 1, 4, article 9 of the Law of December 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ). For example it could be act of acceptance and transfer of shares (shares) , containing all mandatory details in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 9 of the Law of December 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ. In addition, extracts from a securities account or securities register may be needed to confirm the purchase of shares. This is due to the special procedure for transferring ownership of this type of asset.

Situation: How to draw up a contract for the sale and purchase of shares (shares) of another organization?

Transactions between organizations among themselves, with entrepreneurs and citizens must be concluded in writing (Clause 1, Article 161 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). Therefore, the purchase and sale agreement for financial investments must be drawn up in writing (clause 2 of article 454 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).

In the contract, indicate in particular:

  • details of the buyer and seller;
  • data about the object of purchase and sale that allows it to be identified (for example, series, number, issuer, denomination stock);
  • the cost of the object of sale;
  • other material terms on which, in the opinion of either party, an agreement should be reached (for example, settlement terms, penalties, etc.).

The conclusion of a written contract can be considered not only the drawing up of a single document, but also the exchange of documents by electronic, postal or other communication. An example of such an exchange is correspondence between the parties to a transaction, from which it is clear that they intend to sell and buy a certain number of shares at a certain price.

This procedure follows from Article 432 and paragraph 1 of Article 454 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

Accounting

For accounting purposes, shares (shares) acquired from another organization are financial investments (clauses 2 and 3 of PBU 19/02). Take them into account in account 58 “Financial investments”, subaccount 1 “Units and shares”.

When purchasing shares (shares), make the following entry:

Debit 58-1 Credit 76
- shares (shares) were acquired.

This follows from the Instructions for the chart of accounts.

Analytical accounting of received shares (shares) can be organized:

  • individually (i.e., each share or share);
  • homogeneous aggregates (i.e., for example, series, batches, etc.).

At the same time, in analytical accounting it is necessary to disclose the following information: name of the issuer, number, series of the security, nominal price, purchase price, costs associated with the acquisition, total quantity, date of purchase, storage location, etc.

Choose an accounting unit in such a way as to generate complete and reliable information about shares, ensure control over their availability and movement, and also rationalize the work of the accounting department.

The choice of accounting unit and the rules for disclosing information about financial investments should be reflected in the organization’s accounting policies for accounting purposes.

This procedure is established by paragraphs 5-7 of PBU 19/02 and paragraphs 7-8 of PBU 1/2008.

Consider the received financial investments at their original cost. Include:

  • cost of acquisition of shares (shares);
  • the cost of information and consulting services related to the acquisition of shares (shares);
  • remuneration of intermediaries through whom shares (shares) were acquired;
  • the amount of VAT on expenses directly related to the acquisition of shares (shares).

This procedure is established by paragraphs 8-9 of PBU 19/02, paragraph 2 of Article 170 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation and subparagraph 12 of paragraph 2 of Article 149 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

In the future, the value of the acquired share in the authorized capital of the organization does not change. An exception is the case when the increase in the authorized capital occurs due to additional contributions by the founders. Reducing or increasing the authorized capital without attracting additional funds from the founder does not affect the cost of financial investments. This is due to the fact that when changing the authorized capital of an established organization, the founder does not incur any costs, and, therefore, the value of financial investments reflected in account 58-1 “Shares and Shares” is not subject to change. This procedure is established by paragraphs 8 and 18 of PBU 19/02.

Costs directly related to the acquisition of securities can also be taken into account in accounting not at their original cost, but as a lump sum as part of other expenses of the organization. The organization has the right to do this if the amount of costs for the acquisition of securities (except for their cost) does not significantly deviate from the amount of their acquisition. Expenses, the amount of which is recognized as insignificant, can be recognized as other in the reporting period in which the security was accepted for accounting, that is, capitalized on account 58-1 “Units and shares”. This procedure is established by paragraph 11 of PBU 19/02 and the Instructions for the chart of accounts.

The possibility of simultaneously taking into account the costs of purchasing securities as part of the organization’s other expenses, as well as the criteria for the materiality of expenses, should be reflected in the organization’s accounting policy for accounting purposes (clauses 7 and 8 of PBU 1/2008).

Do not take into account general business expenses in the initial cost of shares (except for cases when they are directly related to the acquisition of financial investments) (paragraph 8, paragraph 9 of PBU 19/02). If shares (shares) were purchased with borrowed funds, do not include interest on loans and borrowings in the initial cost (paragraph 7, paragraph 9 of PBU 19/02 and paragraph 7 of PBU 15/2008).

Situation: At what cost in accounting should the acquired shares traded on the securities market be capitalized?

Reflect the purchased shares in accounting at their original cost. .

The fact that shares are traded on the securities market does not matter for the purposes of their capitalization in accounting (clauses 8 and 9 of PBU 19/02). This will be important for their further revaluation (Section III PBU 19/02) and disposal (Section IV PBU 19/02).

An example of reflecting in accounting the acquisition of shares of another organization

On May 6, LLC Trading Company Hermes acquired a stake in JSC Manufacturing Company Master through the intermediary LLC Alpha. The number of shares purchased is 10 pieces. Purchase cost - 6,000 rubles. per share. The intermediary's remuneration is RUB 2,360. (including VAT - 360 rubles).

Hermes transferred the payment for the cost of the shares and the remuneration to the intermediary to Alpha’s account on May 12 in one payment order (the intermediary participates in the settlements).

Hermes takes into account non-essential costs for the acquisition of financial investments as part of other expenses. The materiality criterion established in the accounting policy of the organization is 5 percent of the cost of the acquired financial investment. The accounting unit for financial investments is a share.

To account for settlements with intermediaries, the Hermes accountant opened a subaccount “Settlements with intermediaries” to account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors”.

On May 6, Hermes' accountant recorded the acquisition of 10 shares as follows:

Debit 58-1 Credit 76 subaccount “Settlements with intermediaries”
- 60,000 rub. (RUB 6,000 × 10 pcs.) - shares of the Master organization were purchased.

At the same time, in the analytical accounting of Hermes, 10 accounting units are included in the financial investments - 10 shares of Master.

The amount of the intermediary's remuneration is an insignificant expense, since it does not exceed 5 percent of the value of incoming financial investments:
2360 rub. : (RUB 6,000/piece × 10 pieces) × 100% = 4%.

Therefore, the Hermes accountant wrote off these costs as other expenses of the current reporting period:

Debit 91-2 Credit 76 subaccount “Settlements with intermediaries”
- 2360 rub. - the intermediary's remuneration is taken into account in other expenses.

On May 12, the accountant reflected the payment of the cost of shares and remuneration to the intermediary:

Debit 76 subaccount “Settlements with intermediaries” Credit 51
- 62,360 rub. (RUB 60,000 + RUB 2,360) - the cost of the acquired shares and remuneration were transferred to the intermediary.

Provision for impairment of contribution to the authorized capital

Consider a contribution to the authorized capital of another organization as part of financial investments. In accounting, reflect it at its original cost based on the monetary value agreed upon by the founders.

As a general rule, financial investments must be checked for impairment. In the event of a sustained significant decline in the value of such an asset, it is necessary to create a reserve for it. Determine the amount of the reserve as the difference between the accounting and estimated value of the financial investment.

This follows from paragraphs 3, 8, 12, 37-39 of PBU 19/02.

Now let's look at the procedure for forming a reserve.

1. Signs of impairment

When checking for impairment of a contribution to the authorized capital, pay attention to the following:

  • the value of shares of a JSC or the value of an organization’s share in the authorized capital of an LLC, calculated on the basis of the net assets of a JSC or LLC, has a negative trend and is lower than the accounting value of financial investments;
  • the price of shares that are traded on the securities market is significantly lower than their book value;
  • there are no or significantly reduced dividend receipts with a high probability of a further decrease in these receipts in the future.

If there are signs of impairment, review them at least once a year as at 31 December. If necessary, this can be done more often: monthly, quarterly. Confirm the results of the check with documents, for example act.

Did the audit reveal contributions to the authorized capital with signs of sustainable impairment? Then for each of them you need to determine the estimated cost.

2. Estimated cost

The estimated value of the contribution to the authorized capital is estimated value . The company’s methodology for determining the estimated cost must be consolidated in accounting policies for accounting purposes .

For example, the value of a share in net assets can be taken as a basis. For this the company whose shares (shares) your company owns as of the last reporting date.

To determine the estimated cost, use the formula:

Estimated cost of contribution to the authorized capital

=

The amount of net assets of the company whose shares (shares) your company owns as of the last reporting date before the formation of the reserve

In accounting, the reserve for impairment of financial investments is another expense. When creating a reserve, make the following entry:

Debit 91-2 Credit 59
- a reserve has been created for the depreciation of financial investments.

In tax accounting, a reserve for depreciation of financial investments is not created. Therefore, the difference must be reflected in accounting in accordance with PBU 18/02. By its economic essence, the resulting difference is temporary. The fact is that in accounting, an expense in the form of a reserve arises temporarily, until it is repaid. For example, due to an increase in the value of an investment or its disposal.

Based on this, on the date the reserve was created, reflect the deferred tax asset:


- deferred tax asset is reflected.

If there is a further steady decline in the value of the financial investment, increase the amount of the reserve.

If, based on the results of further verification of the financial investment, an increase in its estimated value is revealed, then reduce the amount of the reserve and assign the difference to other income.

Debit 59 Credit 91-1
- the reserve for impairment of financial investments was reduced.

If subsequent audits reveal that the financial investment does not contain signs of a sustainable decline in value, assign the entire amount of the created reserve to other income.

The temporary difference must be paid off:

Debit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax” Credit 09
- the deferred tax asset is repaid.

In the balance sheet, reflect the total indicators of financial investments minus the reserve for their depreciation.

Such rules are provided for in paragraphs 39 and 40 of PBU 19/02.

An example of determining the reserve for impairment of a contribution to the authorized capital

In 2014, Alpha LLC made a contribution to the authorized capital of Hermes LLC in the amount of 600,000 rubles. The contribution share is 30 percent. At the end of 2014 and the reporting periods of 2015, Hermes did not receive a net profit. Accordingly, Alpha did not receive dividends from its contribution to the authorized capital of Hermes.

The accountant analyzed the financial statements of Hermes and found out that the net assets of Hermes decreased and as of September 30, 2015 amounted to 1,100,000 rubles. Based on this, the commission determined a steady decline in the value of the contribution to the authorized capital and decided to create a reserve for depreciation of the contribution.

The estimated value of the financial investment as of December 31, 2015 was:

RUB 1,100,000 × 0.30 = 330,000 rub.

The amount of the reserve for impairment of financial investments is equal to:

600,000 rub. - 330,000 rub. = 270,000 rub.

In accounting, the accountant made the following entry:

Debit 91-2 Credit 59
- 270,000 rub. - a reserve has been created for the depreciation of the contribution to the authorized capital;

Debit 09 Credit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax”
- 54,000 rub. (RUB 270,000 × 20%) - a deferred tax asset is reflected.

A share is a security that confirms that its owner has contributed funds to the authorized capital of a joint-stock company, giving the right to receive income from its activities to participate in the management of the company. The promotion does not guarantee a return on investment, that is, it is a kind of symbol of entrepreneurial risk.

In accounting, when evaluating securities, the following indicators should be taken into account:

  • - par value - the amount indicated on the form of the security;
  • - issue price - the sale price of a security during its initial placement, which may not coincide with the face value; the difference between the specified types of securities valuation multiplied by their quantity constitutes the organization's share premium;
  • - exchange rate (market) value - the price determined as the result of the quotation of securities on the secondary market, it reflects the balance between supply and demand;
  • - liquidation value of shares and bonds - the value of the sold property of the liquidated organization in actual prices, paid per share or bond;
  • - book value of shares - determined according to the balance sheet by dividing own sources of property by the number of issued shares;
  • - book value - the amount at which securities are reflected in the organization’s balance sheet at a given time.

The basic assessment of the value of a stock is its exchange rate, that is, the average price reflecting the equilibrium between aggregate demand and aggregate supply in a certain time interval. The stock price depends on many factors:

  • - financial condition of the issuer and its competitors;
  • - political and economic situation in the country;
  • - masses of means of payment in circulation;
  • - etc.

The most obvious pattern is reflected by the formula:

where K a is the stock price, D is the dividend, C is the % rate, which refers to the loan interest realized when funds are placed in a deposit account in a bank.

This formula illustrates the degree of attractiveness of a particular stock for a potential investor, which amounts to the possible income on it with the amount of guaranteed interest on a reliable investment of the same money.

The risk of possible loss of funds should be compensated, as it were, by the high yield of securities in case of success. An attempt to resolve the contradiction between the profitability and reliability of shares within the JSC itself led to the emergence of so-called preferred shares. Preferred shares guarantee the owner a fixed income (interest). The owner of preferred shares takes less risk than an ordinary shareholder who receives a floating interest, depending on the results of the JSC and after settlement of all fixing obligations. Therefore, owners of preferred shares are often deprived of voting rights at shareholder meetings, while the owner of a common share actively participates in decision-making, usually on the terms: one common share - one vote. The issue of shares without voting rights allows you to concentrate control and management functions in a narrower circle of shareholders, without losing the total amount of share capital. Shares are also usually divided into external and internal (phantom) shares, depending on the open or closed policy of constructing the authorized capital of the joint-stock company. External shares are placed by public subscription and are freely traded on the secondary market. Phantom (internal) are distributed according to a closed subscription list. If the entire authorized capital is divided into external shares, then the joint-stock company is called open joint-stock company (OJSC). With a predominance of domestic shares in the authorized capital, we have a closed joint-stock company (CJSC).

For external shares traded in paper form, it is necessary to provide a certain degree of protection against counterfeiting. The required details of such shares are:

  • - promotion category;
  • - serial number;
  • - type of promotion;
  • - nominal cost;
  • - name and details of the issuer;
  • - name of the holder (for registered shares);
  • - the size of the authorized capital of the joint-stock company and the specific issue;
  • - dividend payment period;
  • - dividend rate;
  • - signatures of two responsible persons of the JSC;
  • - conditions of circulation;
  • - name of the registrar of securities and the servicing JSC bank;
  • - their location;
  • - and so on.

Domestic (phantom) shares are mainly traded in non-cash form.

The organization must divide all shares into two groups:

  • - quoted,
  • - not quoted.

Quoted shares are recorded at their current market value; for this purpose, their value is adjusted.

The difference between the current price of shares and their book value is reflected by the following transactions:

  • - the increase in the value of shares is reflected: Dt 58/1 Kt 91/1;
  • - the decrease in share price is reflected: Dt 91/2 Kt 58/1.

Unquoted shares are always carried at historical cost.

Example: The balance sheet of a closed joint-stock company includes 300 shares of an open joint-stock company.

Registration price - 50 rub. per share. The accounting policy of the company states that shares are adjusted quarterly. According to the stock exchange, on March 31, the weighted average price of these shares was 58 rubles.

The following entries are made in the accounting department of the company:

Dt 58/1 Kt 91/1 2400=(300 pcs. *(58rub-50rub) - the increase in the value of shares is attributed to the financial result.

Thus, in the balance sheet for the 1st quarter, the shares will be reflected at the current market value - 17400+ (300 pcs * 58 rubles). Profit received from the increase in the value of shares is not subject to income tax. And in April of the next quarter, the shares of the OJSC were excluded from exchange trading. Therefore, in the semi-annual balance sheet, the accountant of the closed joint-stock company will reflect them in the same way as in the balance sheet for the 1st quarter - 17,400 rubles.

When selling listed shares, the following entries should be made:

  • - the buyer’s debt was determined: Dt 76 Kt 91/1;
  • - the value of the shares was written off based on the latest estimate: Dt 91/2 Kt 58/1;
  • - other sales expenses are reflected: Dt 91/2 Kt 76;51;
  • - funds received from buyers: Dt 51 Kt 76.

The sale of shares is not subject to VAT.

At the end of the month, the financial result from the sale is determined:

  • - profit: Dt 91/9 Kt 99;
  • - loss; Dt 99 Kt 91/9.

When selling unquoted shares, the following write-off methods should be considered based on their valuation:

  • - at the original cost of each unit;
  • - at the average initial cost;
  • - FIFO method.

The write-off method must be reflected in the accounting policy.

Historical cost method - under this method, shares are valued at the original (accounting) cost of each unit. It is convenient to use if the number of retiring assets is small.

Example. In February, the company sold 10 shares (shares are not quoted) at a price of 100 rubles. for each. The shares were listed on the balance sheet at their original cost of 110 rubles. for each.

The following entries need to be made in accounting:

  • - the buyer’s debt is reflected: Dt 76 Kt 91/1 1000=(10pcs*100)
  • - the book value (initial) value of the share is written off:

Dt 91/2 Kt 58/1 1100=(10pcs*110rub.);

  • - the buyer repaid the debt: Dt 51 Kt 76 - 1000 rubles;
  • - at the end of the month the result is reflected: Dt 99 Kt 91/9-100 rub. (1100-1000) - loss.

Average initial cost method - based on the cost and number of shares at the beginning of the month and shares received during the month.

According to clause 8 of PBU 19/2002, financial investments are taken into account at their original cost. The procedure for forming the initial value of shares depends on the method of receipt of these securities (Table 2.4).

Table 2.4

The procedure for forming the initial value of securities

depending on the method of admission

Method of admission

Purchase for a fee

(Clause 9 PBU 19/2002)

The amount of actual expenses of the organization for the acquisition, excluding VAT and other refundable taxes (except for cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation on taxes and fees)

Contribution to the authorized capital, including

under a simple contract

partnership

  • (clauses 12, 15 PBU
  • 19/2002)

Monetary value agreed upon by the founders.

In accordance with Art. 34 of the Law on Joint Stock Companies, when paying for shares not in cash, an independent appraiser must be involved to determine the market value of such property. The value of the monetary valuation of property made by the founders of the company cannot be higher than the value of the valuation made by an independent appraiser

Gratuitous

broadcast

(Clause 13 PBU 19/2002)

Current market value as of the date of acceptance for accounting (for securities traded on the Securities Market) or the amount of funds that can be received as a result of the sale of received securities on the date of their acceptance for accounting (for securities not traded on the Securities Market)

Receipts under contracts providing for the fulfillment of obligations (payment) not in cash (clause 14 of PBU 19/2002)

The value of assets transferred or to be transferred by an organization, based on the price at which the organization would normally determine the value of similar assets in comparable circumstances. If it is impossible to determine the value of assets transferred or subject to transfer by an organization, the value of financial investments is determined based on the cost at which similar financial investments are acquired in comparable circumstances

In accordance with and. 17 PBU 19/2002 securities that do not belong to the organization by right of ownership, economic management or operational management, but are in its use or disposal, are accepted for accounting in the assessment provided for by the agreement.

Purchase for a fee. In accordance with clause 9 of PBU 19/2002, the initial cost of securities acquired for a fee in accounting is the sum of the actual costs of their acquisition, excluding VAT and other refundable taxes (except for cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation on taxes and fees ), and includes:

  • amounts paid in accordance with the contract to the seller;
  • the cost of information and consulting services related to the acquisition of financial investments;
  • fees paid to an intermediary organization or other person through which assets were acquired as financial investments;
  • other costs directly related to the acquisition of financial investments.

General business and other similar expenses are not included in the actual costs of acquiring securities, except when they are directly related to the acquisition of financial investments.

Transactions on the sale of securities are not subject to VAT (clause 12, clause 2, article 149 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). On this basis, in accordance with paragraph 2 of Art. 170 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, VAT amounts paid for information, consulting, intermediary and other services related to the acquisition of securities are included in the cost of services provided and accordingly increase the initial cost of securities.

Example. LLC "A" entered into an agreement with the analytical center of LLC "B" for the provision of information services in order to make a decision on the acquisition of a block of shares. For services provided, 11,800 rubles were paid, including VAT of 1,800 rubles. Based on the information received, LLC A purchased 10,000 shares at a price of 100 rubles. per share for a total amount of RUB 1,000,000.

1. Funds were transferred to pay for information services:

Debit 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors” - LLC “V”

Credit 51 “Current account” - 11,800 rubles.

2. The cost of information services is included in the initial cost of shares:

Credit 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors” - LLC “V” - 10,000 rubles.

3. “Input” VAT on the cost of information services is reflected:

Credit 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors” - LLC “V” - 1800 rubles.

4. “Input” VAT on information services is included in the initial cost of shares:

Debit 76, subaccount “Purchase of securities”

Credit 19, subaccount “VAT on non-taxable transactions” - 1800 rubles.

5. Funds were transferred to pay for the cost of shares to the broker organization:

Debit 76, subaccount “Settlements with broker”

Credit 51 “Current account” - 1,000,000 rubles.

6. The purchase price of shares is included in the increase in the initial cost of financial investments:

Debit 76, subaccount “Purchase of securities”,

Credit 76, subaccount “Settlements with a broker” - 1,000,000 rubles.

7. Shares accepted for accounting as part of financial investments:

Credit 76, subaccount “Purchase of securities” - 1,011,800 rubles.

In accordance with clause 11 of PBU 19/2002, if the cost of acquiring such securities is insignificant compared to the amounts paid in accordance with the agreement to the seller, the investor organization has the right to recognize such costs as other expenses of the reporting period in which they were accepted for accounting of these securities.

Example. LLC “A” acquires 1000 shares of OJSC “S”, traded on the ORTS, through an intermediary - LLC “B”, which is a professional participant in the securities market. The amount of 900,000 rubles was transferred to purchase shares of LLC “V”. According to the broker's report, he purchased shares at a price of 894 rubles. per share. The broker's commission amounted to 9,000 rubles, including VAT of 1,372.88 rubles. According to the accounting policy, additional costs for the acquisition of securities are considered significant if they amount to more than 5% of the cost of the securities paid under the agreement to the seller.

The following entries will be made in the accounting records of LLC “A”.

1. Funds were transferred to the broker for the purchase of shares: Debit 76, subaccount “Settlements with broker”

Credit 51 “Current account” - 900,000 rubles.

2. The cost of shares under the agreement was taken into account according to the broker’s report: Debit 76, subaccount “Purchase of securities”

Credit 76, subaccount “Settlements with a broker” - 894,000 rubles. (894 rub. x x 1000 pcs.).

3. Financial investments in shares are reflected:

Debit 58, subaccount 1 “Shares and shares”

Credit 76, subaccount “Purchase of securities” - 894,000 rubles.

4. The broker’s commission for services for the purchase of securities is included in the expenses of the reporting period (including VAT):

Credit 76, subaccount “Settlements with a broker” - 7627.12 rubles.

5. “Input” VAT on broker services is reflected:

Debit 19, subaccount “VAT on non-taxable transactions”

Credit 76, subaccount “Settlements with a broker” - 1372.88 rubles.

6. “Input” VAT is included in the expenses of the reporting period:

Debit 91, subaccount 2 “Other expenses”

Credit 19, subaccount “VAT on non-taxable transactions” - 1372.88 rubles.

In this case, the amount of commission is less than 1% of the purchase price of securities, i.e. is insignificant and is included in other expenses.

In practice, a situation is possible when information (consulting) services are provided and paid for, but the organization decides not to purchase securities. In this case, according to clause 9 of PBU 19/2002, the cost of these services is also written off as other expenses.

When purchasing financial investments using borrowed funds, the costs of loans and borrowings received are taken into account in accordance with the requirements of PBU 10/99 “Expenses of an organization” and PBU 15/2008 “Accounting for expenses on loans and borrowings” as part of other expenses.

The initial cost of financial investments, the cost of which upon acquisition is determined in foreign currency, is determined in rubles by converting foreign currency at the Bank of Russia exchange rate in effect on the date of acceptance of financial investments for accounting (clause 16 of PBU 19/2002).

Receipt as a contribution to the authorized capital. Securities contributed as a contribution to the authorized (share) capital of an organization are accepted for accounting at their original cost, which is their monetary value agreed upon by the founders (participants) of the organization, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation (clause 12 of PBU 19 /2002).

The receipt of securities as a contribution to the authorized capital is reflected in the accounting entry:

Debit 58, subaccount 1 “Shares and shares”

Credit 75, subaccount 1 “Calculations for contributions to the authorized capital.” According to paragraphs. 3 p. 1 art. 251 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, for profit tax purposes, securities received by an organization as a contribution to the authorized capital are not recognized as income. The valuation of securities received as a contribution to the authorized capital for tax purposes is carried out based on the value according to the tax accounting data of the transferring party.

Example. When JSC “A” was established, the founder contributed 1,000 shares of another organization with a par value of 1,000 rubles as payment for the shares. The monetary value of the deposit in accordance with the constituent documents is 1,000,000 rubles.

The following entries will be made in the accounting records of JSC “A”.

1. The debt of the founders for contributions to the authorized capital is reflected:

Debit 75, subaccount 1 “Calculations for contributions to the authorized capital”

Credit 80, subaccount 3 “Paid-up capital” - 1,000,000 rubles.

2. The shares contributed by the founder to the authorized capital were capitalized: Debit 58, subaccount 1 “Shares and shares”

Credit 75, subaccount 1 “Calculations for contributions to the authorized capital” - 1,000,000 rubles.

Shares distributed among the founders of the company upon its establishment, and additional shares placed by subscription, can be paid for not in cash: property or property rights or other rights that have a monetary value (clause 2 of Article 34 of the Law on Joint Stock Companies).

To reflect the disposal of property transferred as a contribution to the authorized capital, income and expense accounts (90 “Sales” and 91 “Other income and expenses”) are not used, since according to clause 3 of PBU 10/99 “Organization expenses” The disposal of assets as a contribution to the authorized (share) capital of other organizations is recognized as an expense of the organization.

Monetary valuation of property contributed in payment for shares when establishing a joint stock company is carried out by agreement between the founders. But to determine the market value of the transferred property, an independent appraiser must be involved. At the same time, the value of the monetary valuation of the property made by the founders and the board of directors of the company cannot be higher than the value of the valuation made by an independent appraiser (clause 3 of Article 34 of the Law on Joint Stock Companies).

It is possible that these assessments will not coincide with the book value of the transferred property according to the accounting records of the transferring party. This entails the need to take into account the difference between the book value of the transferred property and the agreed value, which does not exceed the market price indicated by the appraiser:

If the agreed value exceeds the book value of the transferred property -

Debit 58, subaccount 1 “Shares and shares”

Credit 91, subaccount 1 “Other income”;

If the book value of the transferred property exceeds its agreed value -

Debit 91, subaccount 2 “Other expenses”

Credit 58, subaccount 1 “Shares and shares”.

However, if an organization transfers an item of fixed assets as a contribution to the authorized capital, then when reflecting this business transaction in accounting, it is necessary to be guided by the rules enshrined in clauses 85 and 86 of the Guidelines for accounting of fixed assets, according to which the disposal of an item of fixed assets is reflected at the residual value, on the basis of which the value of the contribution to the authorized capital is formed, reflected in account 58 “Financial investments” (in the case of a fully depreciated fixed asset being contributed to the authorized capital - in a conditional valuation accepted by the organization, with the attribution of the valuation amount on financial results). In this case, the monetary value of the deposit, agreed upon by the founders, is not taken into account for accounting purposes and is not reflected in the accounts.

Therefore, when transferring an object of fixed assets as a contribution to the authorized capital of another organization, the accounting records of the transferring party do not generate income (expenses) in the form of the difference between the balance sheet (residual) value of the transferred object and the monetary value of the contribution in accordance with the constituent documents.

Example. When JSC “B” was established, the founding organization of LLC “A” transferred an object of fixed assets with an initial cost of 550,000 rubles as a contribution to the authorized capital. Depreciation accrued at the time of transfer amounted to RUB 50,000. The agreed value of the fixed asset item is RUB 530,000.

The following entries will be made in the accounting records of LLC “A”.

1. The initial cost of the fixed asset is written off:

Debit 01, subaccount “Retirement of fixed assets”

Loan 01, subaccount “Fixed assets in operation” - 550,000 rubles.

2. The depreciation accrued at the time of transfer of fixed assets was written off:

Debit 02 “Depreciation of fixed assets”

Credit 01, subaccount “Disposal of fixed assets” - 50,000 rubles.

3. The residual value of the fixed asset item is written off:

Debit 76, subaccount “Purchase of securities”

Credit 01 “Disposal of fixed assets” - 500,000 rubles.

4. The shares of JSC “V”, paid for with fixed assets, were accepted for accounting:

Debit 58, subaccount 1 “Shares and shares”

Credit 76, subaccount “Purchase of securities” - 500,000 rubles.

Not only fixed assets, but also other property, such as securities and intangible assets, can be transferred as a contribution to the authorized capital. For other cases of making a contribution to the authorized capital in non-monetary form (inventory, intangible assets, securities, property rights), the procedure established by clause 14 of PBU 19/2002 applies.

According to paragraph 4 of Art. 39 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, the transfer of property, intangible assets and property rights as a contribution to the authorized capital of another organization for tax purposes is not recognized as the sale of this property. Therefore, the value of the transferred property is not recognized as subject to VAT. Since the transfer of property, intangible assets and property rights to the authorized capital is not recognized as a sale and is not subject to VAT, the amounts of input VAT previously claimed for reimbursement on these objects must be restored (clause 1, clause 3, article 170 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Tax amounts are subject to restoration in the amount previously accepted for deduction, and in relation to fixed assets and intangible assets - in the amount proportional to the residual (book) value without taking into account revaluation.

Tax amounts subject to restoration are not included in the value of property, intangible assets and property rights and are subject to tax deduction from the receiving organization in accordance with the rules specified in clause 11 of Art. 171 Tax Code of the Russian Federation. The amount of the restored tax must be indicated in the documents that formalize the transfer of property, intangible assets and property rights.

Free receipt. The procedure for forming the initial value of securities received free of charge in accounting depends on whether these securities are traded or not traded on the organized securities market (clause 13 of PBU 19/2002).

When determining the current market value of financial investments traded on the securities market, information is accepted on their market price, calculated in the prescribed manner by the organizer of trading on the securities market. In this case, information on the market price of financial investments not only of Russian organizers of trading on the securities market, but also of foreign organized markets or organizers of trade that have the appropriate license from a national authorized body can be used. If securities received free of charge are not traded on the ORS, their current price is recognized as the amount that can be received as a result of the sale of these securities on the date of their acceptance for accounting (clause 13 of PBU 19/2002).

Assets received free of charge are recognized by the organization as other income (clause 7 of PBU 9/99 “Income of the organization”). The instructions for using the Chart of Accounts stipulate that the value of gratuitously received assets is preliminarily reflected in the credit of account 98 “Deferred Income”, subaccount “Gratuitous Receipts”, in correspondence with the accounts of these assets. As assets received free of charge are written off to cost accounts, their value from account 98 “Deferred income” is written off to account 91 “Other income and expenses”.

If the organization intends to resell the received securities, then initially their value should be recorded in account 98.

During the period of sale of securities, their value must be included in other income and credited to account 91 “Other income and expenses.”

If securities are acquired without the intention of their immediate subsequent resale, then the organization can include their value in other income (reflected in the credit of account 91) on the date of receipt of ownership of these securities without first assigning their value to account 98 “Deferred income”.

Example. Under the donation agreement, LLC “A” received from LLC “B” 70 shares with a par value of 2,000 rubles. The shares are traded on the organized securities market, and their current market value as of the date of acceptance for accounting was 2,120 rubles. The organization does not plan to sell securities.

The following entries will be made in the accounting records of LLC “A”.

1. The market value of the shares received free of charge is reflected:

Debit 58, subaccount 1 “Shares and shares”

Credit 91, subaccount 1 “Other income” - 148,400 rubles. (RUB 2120 x x 70 pcs.).

For tax purposes, securities received free of charge are included in non-operating income at market value, which is determined in accordance with Art. 280 Tax Code of the Russian Federation. At the same time, Art. 251 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation provides for a number of cases when property (including securities) received free of charge is not included in income:

  • from the founder, if his contribution to the authorized capital of the receiving party is more than 50%;
  • organization, if the authorized capital of the transferring party consists of more than 50% of the contribution of the receiving organization;
  • an individual, if the authorized capital of the receiving party consists of more than 50% of the contribution of this individual. Received property in accordance with Art. 251 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation is not recognized as income for tax purposes only if, within one year from the date of receipt, the specified property (except for funds) is not transferred to third parties.

For tax purposes, securities received free of charge have no initial value. That is, upon further sale (disposal) of such securities, their value cannot be taken into account as expenses, since according to Art. 280 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, when selling (otherwise disposing of) securities, the cost of acquiring the security is taken into account, which in this case does not exist (since the security was received free of charge).

Receipt of securities under agreements providing for payment in kind. According to civil law, contracts that provide for the fulfillment of obligations other than cash include, in particular, an exchange agreement.

According to paragraph 1 of Art. 567 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, under an exchange agreement, each party undertakes to transfer one product into the ownership of the other party in exchange for another. Moreover, unless otherwise follows from the exchange agreement, the goods subject to exchange are recognized as equivalent (clause 1 of Article 568 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).

The rule of purchase and sale applies to the barter agreement: each party is recognized as the seller of the goods that it undertakes to transfer, and the buyer of the goods that it undertakes to accept in exchange (clause 2 of Article 567 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).

When reflecting commodity exchange transactions in accounting, it is necessary to be guided by the requirements of PBU 9/99 “Income of the organization” and PBU 10/99 “Expenses of the organization.”

In accordance with clause 6.3 of PBU 9/99, the amount of receipts and (or) receivables under contracts providing for the fulfillment of obligations (payment) not in cash is accepted for accounting at the cost of goods (valuables) received or to be received by the organization. The cost of goods (valuables) received or to be received by an organization is established based on the price at which, in comparable circumstances, the organization usually determines the cost of similar goods (valuables).

If it is impossible to determine the value of goods (valuables) received by the organization, the amount of receipts and (or) receivables is determined by the value of the products (goods) transferred or to be transferred by the organization. The cost of products (goods) transferred or to be transferred by an organization is established based on the price at which, in comparable circumstances, the organization usually determines revenue in relation to similar products (goods) (clause 6.3 of PBU 9/99).

The amount of payment and (or) accounts payable under contracts providing for the fulfillment of obligations (payment) not in cash is determined by the value of goods (valuables) transferred or to be transferred by the organization. The cost of goods (valuables) transferred or to be transferred by an organization is established based on the price at which, in comparable circumstances, the organization usually determines the cost of similar goods (valuables) (clause 6.3 of PBU 9/99).

If it is impossible to determine the value of goods (valuables) transferred or to be transferred by the organization, the amount of payment and (or) accounts payable under contracts providing for the fulfillment of obligations (payment) in non-monetary means is determined by the value of the products (goods) received by the organization. The cost of products (goods) received by the organization is established based on the price at which similar products (goods) are purchased in comparable circumstances (clause 6.3 of PBU 10/99).

According to paragraph 2 of Art. 154 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, when selling goods through goods exchange transactions, the VAT tax base is defined as the cost of goods, calculated in a manner similar to that established by Art. 105.3 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, i.e. according to the rules established for transactions with related parties.

Example. LLC “A” entered into an exchange agreement with LLC “B”, according to which LLC “A” transfers goods to LLC “B” in exchange for shares of another organization. The cost of the exchanged shares is RUB 2,360,000. The usual selling price of a similar batch of goods is RUB 2,400,000. The accounting value of goods is 1,800,000 rubles.

The following entries will be made in the accounting records of LLC “A”.

1. Revenue from the sale of goods is reflected based on the value of the securities received:

Debit 62 “Settlements with buyers and customers” - LLC “V”

Credit 90, subaccount 1 “Revenue” - 2,360,000 rubles.

2. VAT is calculated on goods sold based on their normal selling price (Article 105.3 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation):

Debit 90, subaccount 3 “Value added tax”

Credit 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees” - 366,102 rubles. (RUB 2,400,000 x x 18: 118).

3. The book value of goods is written off:

Debit 90, subaccount 2 “Cost of sales”

Credit 41 “Goods” - 1,800,000 rubles.

4. Shares were capitalized based on the cost of transferred goods: Debit 58, subaccount 1 “Shares and shares”

Credit 76, subaccount “Purchase of securities” - 2,400,000 rubles.

5. The debt under the exchange agreement was offset:

Debit 76, subaccount “Purchase of securities”

Credit 62 “Settlements with buyers and customers” - LLC “V” - 2,360,000 rubles.

6. A positive difference is reflected between the amount of receivables and payables:

Debit 76, subaccount “Purchase of securities”

Credit 91, subaccount 1 “Other income” - 40,000 rubles.

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