2.2. Plan and program for auditing cash and settlement operations

The plan serves as a guide for the implementation of the audit and is therefore documented. The form and content of the overall audit plan may vary depending on the complexity of the audit.

The general plan provides:

Formation of the audit team, the number and qualifications of auditors involved in the audit;

Distribution of auditors in accordance with their professional qualities and job levels for specific areas of the audit;

Instructing all team members about their responsibilities, familiarizing them with the financial and economic activities of the economic entity, as well as with the provisions of the general audit plan;

Control of the manager over the implementation of the plan and the quality of work of the auditor’s assistants, over their maintenance of working documentation and proper registration of audit results;

Explanation by the head of the audit team of methodological issues related to the practical implementation of audit procedures;

Documentation of the dissenting opinion of a member of the audit team (performer) if disagreements arise in the assessment of a particular fact between the head of the audit team and its ordinary member.

Table 6

Audit plan for accounting of cash settlement transactions

Audit period from 02/25/2013 to 03/17/2013

Number of man-hours 96

	Planned types of work (sets of tasks)	Period	Performers
	Audit of timeliness of preparation of primary documents	From 25.02 to 28.02.13	Vilkova M.R.
	Audit of registers and reporting forms	From 01.03 to 03.03.13	Vilkova M.R.
	Audit of computerized accounting of cash and settlement transactions	From 04.03 to 06.03.13	Vilkova M.R.
		From 03/07 to 03/11/13	Vilkova M.R.
	Audit of cash register audit results	From 12.03 to 14.03.13	Vilkova M.R.
	Drawing up and presenting the audit report		Vilkova M.R.

Table 7

Program for checking accounting of cash settlement transactions

Inspected organization State Unitary Enterprise "ICC"

Audit period from 02/25/13 to 03/17/2013

Number of man-hours 96

Head of the audit group Semenova A.N.

Composition of the audit team: Frolova T.D., Vilkova M.R.

Planned audit risk 4%

The planned level of materiality is 25 thousand rubles.

	List of audit activities (procedures)	Period	Executor	Work documents auditor
	Checking the availability of orders for the hiring of cashiers, orders for assigning cashier functions, the existence of agreements on financial liability with them	From 25.02 to 26.02.13	Vilkova M.R.	Orders, contracts
	Checking the execution of primary documents	From 27.02 to 28.02.13	Vilkova M.R.	PKO, RKO, registration log
	Checking registers and reporting forms	From 01.03 to 02.03.13	Vilkova M.R.
	Features of computerized accounting of cash transactions	From 03.03 to 04.03.13	Vilkova M.R.	Machine diagram - cash book, balance sheets for account 50
	Checking the correctness, timeliness and completeness of cash receipts. funds		Vilkova M.R.	Cash book, registers of synthetic and analytical accounting for account 50
	Cash register inventory	From 06.03 to 07.03.13	Vilkova M.R.	Inventory documents, primary documents, accounting registers
	Checking the availability of a list of persons receiving cash from the cash register for business needs, approved by the head of the organization		Vilkova M.R.
	Checking compliance with the cash balance limit		Vilkova M.R.	Cash book, bank certificate
	Audit of collected funds		Vilkova M.R.	Accounting registers, acts, certificates
	Checking compliance with the procedure for using CCP		Vilkova M.R.	Tax registration cards for cash registers. organs
	Audit of cash documents at the cash desk		Vilkova M.R.	Acts, Journal of receipt and issuance of monetary documents
	Checking the intended use of funds received by check from the bank		Vilkova M.R.	Cash book, bank certificate, check book
	Checking the timeliness and completeness of the delivery of cash proceeds to the bank and the entry of funds into the cash desk from the bank		Vilkova M.R.	Cash book, bank certificate
	Reconciliation of checkbook counterfoil data with cash book data		Vilkova M.R.	Cash book, check book
	Checking the timely return of deposited amounts to the bank		Vilkova M.R.	Cash book, bank certificate, accounting registers

Sources of information for verification are primary documents, analytical and synthetic accounting registers, journals of registration of primary documents, and financial statements.

When auditing cash settlement operations, special attention is paid to compliance with current legislation during their implementation.

The main documents that were studied when checking cash and settlement transactions in the State Unitary Enterprise "ICC" are:

Accountant cashier reports;

Receipt cash orders;

Expense cash orders;

Cash book;

Supporting documents for cash documents;

Advance reports, etc.

Such documents also include:

Analytical accounting registers:

Journal (book) of registration of cash receipt orders;

Journal (book) for registering cash receipts;

Journal (book) of registration of deposited amounts;

Journal (book) of registration of payment (settlement and payment) statements;

Turnover balance sheet;

Financial statements:

Balance sheet (form No. 1), section “Current assets”, item “Cash”, sub-item “Cash”; (Application)

Cash flow statement (form No. 4) - regarding cash flow.

Payment orders (to whom transferred);

Checkbook counterfoils for receiving cash (timely posting of amounts, amount withdrawn from the current account);

Journal - order No. 2 (filled out on the basis of an extract and payment order);

Main book.

Audit of settlement and cash transactions in the State Unitary Enterprise "ICC"

When conducting an audit of settlement and cash transactions in the State Unitary Enterprise “ICC”, the following was checked:

Inventory of cash in the cash register.

First of all, it was checked whether the timing and methodology for conducting the inventory corresponded to the procedure for conducting cash transactions and the methodological instructions for inventorying property and financial obligations.

Result of the audit: The procedure for conducting a cash inventory is determined by the director of the organization and reflected in the accounting policy, which states that the inventory is carried out once a year, before drawing up the annual financial statements, except in cases where the inventory is mandatory.

Conclusion: When checking funds at the cash desk, no violations or shortages were identified.

Correct execution of settlement and cash documents.

The correctness of the execution of settlement documents was checked: account balances were checked against bank statements and in accounting registers, as well as turnover and bank accounts, the balance in account 51 “Current Account”, in accounting registers and in the General Ledger.

The presence and authenticity of signatures of officials and recipients of money on cash orders and other monetary documents, and the legality of cash payments made from the cash register were checked.

Checking the conditions for storing funds.

It was checked whether all conditions for storing cash in the cash register were met.

Inspection result: no violations were found.

The intended use of funds received from the bank was checked.

Inspection result: no violations were found.

The completeness and accuracy of bank statements and documents accompanying them were checked.

Check result: the balance at the end of the period in the previous bank statement of the account is equal to the balance at the beginning of the period in the next statement. No violations were found.

The presence of the bank's stamp on the primary documents attached to the statements was checked.

Inspection result: no violations were found.

The verification was carried out using a continuous method.

Checking cash management discipline

At this stage, compliance with the established limit on the cash balance in the cash register at the State Unitary Enterprise “ICC” is checked. For verification, it was requested to calculate the limit of the organization's cash balance and issue permission to spend cash from the proceeds received at the cash desk for the audited period, approved by the bank. The cash balance limit according to the calculation approved by the bank is 10 thousand rubles. Further, according to the presented calculation, compliance with the cash balance limit established by the bank is carried out. The test results are presented in table. 8.

Table 8

Checking compliance with the cash balance limit

The cash balance limit was not exceeded.

A check was carried out to verify compliance with the established amount of cash payments between legal entities, which is to establish compliance with Directive N 1050-U. For this purpose, the method of complete verification (viewing) of cash receipts, as well as cashier reports, cash books, and contracts with legal entities was used. The test results are presented in Table 9.

Table 9

Checking compliance with the established amount of cash payments

Primary accounting document	Supplier name	Basis of payment	Amount, rub.	Cash payment limit, rub.	Exceeding the established limit, rub.
Receipt cash order N 002 dated 01/04/2012	LLC "Bavaria Plus"	Consignment note No. 56 dated 03/18/11 paint and varnish materials
Receipt cash order N 6 from 01/04/2012	LLC "TechnoCenter"	Consignment note No. 87 dated June 27. eleven cartridges
Receipt cash order N 6 from 01/05/2012	LLC "TD Armada"	Consignment note No. 102 building materials

The amount of cash payments between legal entities for one transaction does not exceed the established limit, in accordance with Directive N 1050-U.

When checking cash transactions, special attention was paid to ascertaining the completeness, timeliness and correctness of the posting of cash as a result of the return of accountable amounts, revenue, and other operating and non-operating income. Receipts from the bank were verified by reconciling identical amounts recorded in check counterfoils and bank statements.

Table 10

Register of check counterfoils missing from the check book

Audit report

on financial (accounting) statements

Auditing organization CJSC "Audit"

Name: closed joint stock company "Audit"

Location: 183078, Murmansk, st. Druzhby, 10/32

State registration: certificate No. 78876, LLC series in accordance with the Resolution on enterprise registration No. 2354 of the Administration of Murmansk dated October 20, 2004, current account No. 40703810500000010290

at OJSC Bank “SOBINBANK”, Murmansk.

License No. N 009795, issued by the Central Attestation and Licensing Audit Commission of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation on August 6, 2011 with a validity period of 3 years.

Audited entity:

Name of State Unitary Enterprise "ICC"

Location: Murmansk st. Gvardeyskaya 21

State registration: certificate of state registration No. 1035100166562 series 51 No. 000509893 dated 02/04/04 Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation for the city of Murmansk and the Murmansk region, current account r/s 40602810341020005006 in the Murmansk branch of the Savings Bank of Russia.

Analysis of the main aspects of the audit of transactions with intangible assets in accordance with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation

An internal control system is a set of organizational measures, methods and procedures adopted by the management of an economic entity as a means for the orderly and efficient conduct of financial and economic activities...

Cash audit

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Audit of cash transactions

Before embarking on a comprehensive audit of cash transactions, the auditor must plan this audit, since a “complete” audit does not mean that all cash documents will be reviewed one by one...

Audit of fixed assets of CJSC "LeDeR"

Audit of fixed assets using the example of OJSC Daltruboprovodstroy

When planning an audit of fixed assets, first of all, an audit program is drawn up. It contains the legal and economic characteristics of the organization, a list of sources of audit evidence...

Enterprise audit

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Audit of inventory accounting

Audit of accounting for auxiliary production services using the example of the technological transport workshop of the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant

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Audit of financial investments

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Audit verification of the correctness of the assessment of industrial reserves (based on materials from Keramik LLC, Vyselki station)

The development of a general plan and audit program is based on preliminary data about the economic entity, as well as on the results of analytical procedures...

Methodology for auditing accounting of settlements with accountable persons

Each audit is limited in time; it is always important for auditors to clearly define goals, accurately select the objects of inspection, and competently plan their actions...

Assessing the status of the accounting report

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Audit plan and program of Alliance-M LLC

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Provision of the standard "Audit Documentation"

Planning of the audit of constituent documents and settlements with founders is carried out on the basis of a consolidated general plan and a consolidated audit program of the audited entity...

1. Federal Law "On Auditing" dated August 7, 2001 N 119-FZ, as amended and supplemented

2. Federal Law of November 21, 1996 N129-FZ “On Accounting”

3. Law of the Russian Federation “On Joint Stock Companies” dated December 26, 1995 No. 208 – Federal Law

4. Federal rules (standards) of auditing activities, approved. fast. Government of the Russian Federation dated September 23, 2002 No. 696

5. Regulations on maintaining accounting and financial statements in the Russian Federation, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 29, 1998 N 34n

6. Chart of accounts for financial and economic activities of organizations, approved. By Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 31, 2000 No. 94N

8. Baryshnikov N.P. Organization and methodology of conducting a general audit. Ed. 4th, revised and additionally. - M.: Information and Publishing House "Filin", - 2002. - 352.

10. Bychkova S.M., Karzaeva N.N. Audit: situations, examples, tests - M: UNITY, 2005.

9. Capital and reserves of the organization: reflection in the financial statements // Issue of AKDI BP. - 2004. - No. 27. p. 31-32.

10. Kiperman G.Ya. Funds and reserves of business societies, // Financial newspaper. Regional release. - 2003. - No. 22. – pp. 22-23.

11. Kovaleva O.V., Konstantinov Yu.P. Audit. Organization of audit activities. Methodology for conducting an audit. - M.: PRIOR, 2002

12. Labyntsev N.T., Serobaba N.L. Accounting for authorized capital // "Financial and accounting consultations", N 8, August 2002.

13. Makalkin I.A. Equity capital: structure, formation and use // Glavbukh. – 2002. - No. 6.

14. Nesterkina O.N. Fill out form No. 3 “Report on changes in capital” //Russian Tax Courier. - 2005. - No. 5. – p. 24-25.

15. Report on changes in capital (form N 3) // Glavbukh. – 2005. - No. 1. – pp. 12-13.

16. Pyatov M.L. Application of legislation in accounting practice. – M.: Publishing house "Accounting", 2002.

17. Pronina E.A. Capital // Accounting. - 2004. - No. 1. - p. 4-5.

18. Semenov V. Calculating capital (//Accounting supplement to the newspaper "Economy and Life", . - 2005. - No. 32. - p. 27- 2

19. Podolsky V.I., Makarova L.G. Savin A.A., Sotnikova L.V. Audit. Workshop. Textbook for universities. M.: UNITY - DANA, Audit, 2003.

20. Danilevsky Yu.A., Shapiguzov S.M., Remizov N.A., Starovoitova E.V. Audit: Textbook. – M.: ID FBK – PRESS, 2005.

21. Electronic textbook on the discipline "Audit".

23. Suits V.P., Smirnova L.R., Dubrovina T.A. Audit: general, banking, insurance: Textbook / 2nd ed. – M, 2005. – 671 p.

Planning an audit of cash flow transactions

The main purpose of an audit of transactions with funds is to establish the reliability of transactions with funds, verify compliance by an economic entity with the established procedure for accounting and writing off funds from the bank's current and other accounts, the validity of expenses, and the correctness of reflection in accounting and reporting of data on the availability and flow of funds .

The purpose of the audit is determined by legislation, the system of regulatory regulation of auditing activities, and the contractual obligations of the auditor and the client.

The main purpose of an audit of cash transactions is to establish compliance by economic entities with the rules for conducting cash transactions, the completeness and accuracy of recording cash and banking transactions.

To achieve the main goal of auditing compliance by economic entities with the rules for conducting cash transactions, completeness and accuracy of reflection in the accounting of cash and banking transactions, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

ensuring control over the availability and safety of funds;

the correctness and validity of writing off funds from current and other bank accounts;

correct registration and recording of cash flow transactions;

correct reflection of data on the availability and flow of funds in accounting for current and other bank accounts;

reliability of the data presented in the accounting and cash flow statements.

Planning is one of the most important stages of an audit, since without developing a general strategy and a detailed approach, a high-quality audit is impossible.

The objects of an audit of funds at an enterprise are: primary documents of transactions on cash flows at the cash desk, in current and other bank accounts.

When conducting an audit of funds, they are checked by:

safety;

legality and correctness of documentation of transactions with funds;

the correct reflection of cash transactions in the accounting accounts.

Taking these tasks into account, it is checked whether measures have been taken at the Vector LLC enterprise to ensure the safety of funds. To do this you need to install:

whether financially responsible persons have been appointed by order of the head of the enterprise and whether written agreements on full individual financial responsibility have been concluded with them;

whether conditions have been created for financially responsible persons to ensure the safety of material assets;

whether a permanent commission has been appointed by order of the manager to conduct an inspection of the safety of material assets;

whether an inventory and random check of the safety of funds is carried out, and whether their results are documented.

The information base used by the auditor when checking monetary transactions includes:

basic regulatory documents governing the procedure for conducting cash, banking and settlement operations, as well as accounting for these operations;

order on the accounting policy of the organization;

financial statements - Balance sheet and appendix to the financial statements “Cash Flow Statement”;

tax reporting (information on ruble accounts and accounts in foreign currency);

general ledger (form KO-4),

journal-order 1 and statement 1, journal-order 2 and statement 2 (with a journal-order form of accounting);

registers of synthetic accounting of monetary transactions on account 50 and accounts 51, 55 (for other forms of bookkeeping);

primary documents documenting transactions with funds: cashier's reports with attached primary documents (receipt and expenditure cash orders, pay slips, receipts, etc.); check money books; bank statements for ruble and foreign currency accounts with attached primary documents (invoices, payment orders, payment requests-orders, advice notes), etc.

According to the order on accounting policies, the auditor becomes familiar with:

with a working chart of accounts used by the enterprise to reflect cash transactions in accounting;

the used accounting form and the list of registers for cash accounting;

document flow (document flow schedule) of primary documents related to cash accounting;

a list of persons who are authorized to sign monetary and settlement documents.

Let's consider the main stages of conducting an audit and operations with funds at the enterprise in question, LLC "Vector".

1) Determination of the purpose and main objectives of the audit, selection of regulations.

2) Drawing up an audit program for checking funds.

Based on the work plan previously agreed upon with the client, before the start of the audit, the head of the audit team draws up a program for performing audit services.

The audit program is a development of the audit plan and is a list of audit procedures that are necessary for each specific part of the audit.

There are two types of audit program:

a program of control tests that contain procedures for collecting information about the functioning of the enterprise’s internal control system;

Account balance verification programs that contain procedures for collecting information directly about account balances.

The audit program itself can be characterized as “detailed instructions” for the complete collection of information sufficient to draw up a reasonable and objective conclusion about the audited entities in accordance with the order and contract.

When determining the audit program, auditors need to have a good understanding of the nature of the activities that the audit firm carries out, the period for which the audit is carried out and the purpose of the audit.

In most cases, the object of the audit is the consolidated financial statements of the organization or the activities of its branches and independent structural divisions. The period for which the audit is carried out is the reporting year, but it can also be a separate month, quarter or the entire period of operation of the enterprise.

The audit program includes the following factors:

the work schedule of auditors, which determines the deadlines for the preparation and submission of materials for drawing up an opinion;

detailed procedures. The program describes in detail all the procedures necessary to implement the audit plan, as well as the goals and objectives for each area of ​​the audit;

control of audit work. The program is also a basic document for monitoring the execution of assignments by auditors and assistants in the audit team;

staff. The program determines the number of personnel required for the audit, the volume and content of their work.

Each auditor independently sets requirements for the forms of audit programs. The audit firm develops its audit plan standards.

The audit program includes a list of audit procedures that the auditor must perform in the course of his work, and the time of their implementation.

When carrying out each audit procedure, when drawing up a program, the auditor makes a decision on the amount of data to be verified - the size of the sample (continuous or selective).

A complete check is carried out when necessary and takes a lot of time and labor. The selective method from general to specific is used mainly for large organizations.

3) Determining the feasibility of using the results of internal audit work through substantive testing of controls and procedures.

The control test program is a list of a set of actions designed to collect information about the functioning of the internal control and accounting system. The programs help to identify significant deficiencies, being an integral part of the working documentation of the audit, and contribute to the documentation of the audit process and its results.

Business transaction tests are designed to check for quantitative errors and identify irregularities to confirm the accuracy of financial statement items.

Testing of balance sheet items is focused on the General Ledger base. This is confirmation of accounts receivable and creditors, examination of inventories, calculation of funds and others.

In practice, most audit firms have their own, independently developed tests for assessing the internal control system, which are only slightly modified based on the specifics of the organization of activities and the structure of the enterprise.

The cash audit test program for the company in question, LLC Vector, is presented in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1

Tests for checking the state of internal control and accounting systems for cash transactions at Vector LLC

№	Content of the question or object of study	Contents of the response (verification result)	Auditor's findings and decisions
A. Internal control
	Have you concluded a liability agreement with the manager?	There is an order and an agreement	The order and agreement meet the established requirements
	Have conditions been created to ensure the safety of funds?	The cash desk is equipped with an alarm system, funds are stored in a safe	Proper conditions for storing funds are ensured
	Are cases of signing blank checks and payment orders allowed?	Yes	Control risk is low
	Are cash orders and bank payment documents recorded in the log books?	Log books are kept	Control risk is low
	Are the necessary details in cash documents completely filled out?	Some documents are missing dates, there are corrections, duplicate numbers	Control risk is high. Pay attention to paperwork
	Are cash balances withdrawn from the cash register daily?	No	It is necessary to conduct a surprise check of the cash register
	Are there surprise cash checks?	Not carried out in the reporting year	Control risk is high
	How regularly are the cashier's reports submitted to the accounting department and checked by the chief accountant?	The cashier's reports are transferred to the accounting department and checked by the chief accountant at the end of the week	Current control has been weakened. Control risk is high
	Does the head of the enterprise sign cash receipts documents?	Yes	Control risk is low
	Is the completeness of the receipt of received funds checked?	Selectively, irregularly	You should check the completeness of the receipt of funds
	Is the established cash limit respected?	Yes	Control is satisfactory
	Is the intended use of funds received from the bank checked?	Yes	Control is satisfactory
	Are the established deadlines for the mandatory sale of part of the foreign currency earnings violated?	Not violated	Control is satisfactory
	How regularly does the chief accountant check the compliance of data from primary bank documents and accounting registers?	Weekly	Control is satisfactory
	Is the compliance of banking transactions with agreements checked?	Monthly	You should check the procedure for settlements under contracts
B. Accounting system
	Have there been developed schemes for recording cash transactions in accounts?	Only the working chart of accounts is defined, there are no diagrams	There may be errors in invoice correspondence
	How often are cash book data verified with data from accounting registers and primary documents?	Quarterly	There is a possibility of errors in accounting registers within individual months
	How are bank statements regularly processed and recorded?	Bank statement data is reflected in accounting on 3-4 days	There may be errors in invoice correspondence
	Do the accounting register data correspond to the Cash Flow Statement?	Compliant
	Is the compliance of cash flow register data checked?	Monthly	The accounting system is satisfactory

4) Establishing the correspondence of financial reporting data to the data of cash accounting accounts.

5) Checking the organization of financial responsibility.

6) Documentation of cash flows.

7) Identification of significant violations of cash accounting, reporting and compliance with legislation. Having identified significant issues that require the auditor’s professional judgment, along with the conclusions drawn on these issues, the auditor reflects them in the working documentation in accordance with Federal Auditing Standard No. 2 “Documentation of an Audit.”

8) Expressing an opinion on the reliability of reporting in terms of cash accounting.

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Introduction

1. Methodology of accounting and audit of funds

1.1 Concept, goals and economic essence of audit

1.2 Goals and objectives of the audit

1.3 Stages of audit

1.4 Requirements, legislation, regulatory regulation of auditing activities

2. Planning an audit of cash transactions of the enterprise Sfera LLC

2.1 Structure of the audited enterprise Sfera LLC

2.2 Plan and program for the audit of funds of the enterprise Sfera LLC

2.3 Checking the accounting of transactions on a current account in banks

Conclusion

List of sources used

Applications

monetary auditing

Introduction

Currently, the Russian economy is undergoing significant changes at both the macroeconomic and microeconomic levels. A modern market economy system is emerging, the nature and methods of economic activity of enterprises and organizations within this system are changing.

Financial control has been and remains one of the most important elements of market relations. Such control can be state or independent. The latter is called "audit". The main purpose of the audit is to express an opinion on the reliability of the financial (accounting) statements of the audited entities and the compliance of the accounting procedure with the legislation of the Russian Federation. Data on the use of property and funds, on the conduct of commercial transactions and the direction of investments by legal entities can be objectively confirmed by an independent auditor.

All enterprises, carrying out production and economic activities, enter into relationships with other enterprises, organizations, institutions, employees of the enterprise and individuals. These relationships are based on various monetary transactions in the process of procurement, production and sale of products, works or services. Cash payments between enterprises are limited and strictly regulated. In a market economy, one should proceed from the principle that skillful use of funds can bring additional income to an enterprise, and therefore, it is necessary to constantly think about the rational investment of temporarily free funds to obtain additional profit. The correct organization of settlement operations ensures the stability of the turnover of the organization’s funds, strengthening its contractual and settlement discipline and improving its financial condition. Cash is the financial resources of an organization, the most highly liquid assets that can ensure the fulfillment of obligations of any level and type. The timely repayment of the company's accounts payable depends on their availability in sufficient quantities. This course work examines the issues of auditing funds and cash transactions of an enterprise. Despite the apparent simplicity of accounting for cash payments and, in particular, cash transactions, however, many practitioners commit gross violations of the current rules of accounting and cash settlements. This sometimes results in significant financial losses for the company in the form of penalties.

The relevance of the research topic lies in the fact that checking and maintaining records of an enterprise’s funds is a prerequisite for forming an opinion on the reliability of financial statements in all existing aspects.

The subject of the study is the reliability of the reflection in the accounting of funds of the enterprise, as well as the compliance of the organization of cash accounting with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The object of the study is the financial and economic activities of the enterprise LLC "Sfera", in the city of Ukhta.

The period under review is the 1st quarter of 2010.

The main goal of the work is to establish the legality, reliability and expediency of transactions with the enterprise’s funds, and the correctness of their reflection in accounting.

When studying this topic, I set the following tasks:

Expand the concepts and objectives of the audit in general;

Identify the most important issues to be studied at the preliminary review stage of a cash audit;

Assess the quality of organizing internal control over the movement and safety of funds;

Check the procedure for conducting transactions with funds for compliance with current legislation;

Provide a brief description of the report based on the results of the audit.

1. Methodology of accounting and audit of funds

1.1 Concept, goals and economic essence of audit

Auditing is a functional science of methods and techniques of independent financial control. It is interconnected with such functional sciences as accounting (financial and managerial), business analysis, operational management (regulation, coordination and monitoring of plans), financial control, including its various forms.

Audit as a science is a system of knowledge about the methods and techniques of independent financial control. Audit as a practice is a type of management activity that boils down to independent financial control of accounting and evaluation of accounting (financial) statements.

The subject of the audit is one of the main functions of management, one of the types of socially necessary activities to provide users with reliable information about the accounting statements of the audited entity for making decisions by users of these statements, i.e. feedback is provided between economic entities and users.

The object of the audit is the accounting (financial) statements of organizations and the reflection in them of the final production and economic activities of organizations.

Audit methodology is a set of special techniques, i.e. specific procedures, calculations, mathematical models, comparisons used to substantiate an opinion on the degree of reliability of reporting.

Audit evidence is obtained from performing substantive procedures and tests of internal controls.

Along with the concept of “audit”, the term “auditing activity” is also distinguished. In accordance with Federal Law No. 307-FZ dated December 30, 2008 and international experience, auditing activities include three components: audit, audit-related services, and other audit services.

Audit is a specific information system for ensuring legal protection of the property interests of owners and the state on the basis of independent control of the reliability of reporting, the financial condition of business entities and assisting them in setting up accounting and management, compliance with the legality of economic activity, including taxation requirements, etc.

Audit-related services are services other than auditing, the list of which is established by federal auditing standards. These include review audits, agreed procedures, compilation of financial statements (federal standards No. 24. 30. 31. 33).

An approximate list of other audit services contains Part 7 of Art. 1 Federal Law dated December 30, 2008 No. 307-FZ “On auditing activities”, for example:

Establishment, restoration and maintenance of accounting records, preparation of financial statements, accounting consulting;

Analysis of financial and economic activities of organizations and individual entrepreneurs, economic and financial consulting;

Valuation activities;

Training in areas related to auditing, etc.

Auditing standards represent uniform requirements for the procedure for carrying out auditing activities, design and assessment of the quality of audits and related services, for the procedure for training auditors and assessing their qualifications

Auditing activity is the activity of conducting an audit and providing audit services, carried out by audit organizations and individual auditors.

An auditor (from the Latin Auditor - listener, student, follower) is a person who checks the state of the financial and economic activities of an enterprise for a certain period. An auditor differs from an auditor in its essence: in its approach to document verification; relationship with the client; conclusions drawn from the results of the inspection, etc. Audit is much broader than such concepts as audit and control. It provides not only verification of the reliability of financial indicators, but also, no less important, the development of proposals for optimizing business activities in order to rationalize costs and increase profits.

1.2 Audit goals and objectives

The goals and objectives of auditing activities are very multifaceted. The advantage belongs to external audit. Its purpose and main objectives are defined in Federal Law No. 307 of December 30, 2008 and the Federal Rules (Standards) of Auditing, approved. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated September 23, 2002 No. 696. The main goal of an external audit is to provide objective, real and accurate information about the audited object. The achievement of the main goal is facilitated by the current requirements for auditing activities. First of all - independence and objectivity when conducting audits, as well as confidentiality, professionalism, competence and integrity of the auditor

External audit is carried out on a contractual basis by audit organizations and individual auditors in order to objectively assess the state of affairs in the field of accounting and financial reporting of an economic entity.

Internal audit is an independent activity to verify and evaluate the work of an organization for the benefit of its managers. The purpose of internal audit is to help the organization's employees perform their functions effectively. This work is carried out by auditors working directly for the same company. Small organizations may not have full-time auditors. In this case, the internal audit can be entrusted to an audit commission or an audit firm on a contractual basis.

An audit can be proactive (voluntary), when it is carried out by decision of the management of the enterprise or its founders, or mandatory, if its conduct is stipulated by a direct instruction in the Federal Law or Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation.

The main goal of a proactive audit is to identify shortcomings in accounting, reporting, and taxation, to analyze the financial condition of a business entity and to help it organize accounting and reporting. It is usually carried out by decision of the management of an economic entity. The goals of a proactive audit can be very different, for example: monitoring the state of accounting as a whole or its individual sections; study of financial statements; organization of office work in accounting; assessment of used accounting automation tools and methods; assessment of the state of tax calculations, etc. It can be either comprehensive or thematic; in the latter case, only individual sections and areas of accounting are subject to control and analysis. The most time-consuming and responsible is a complete and complete verification of accounting data, starting with primary documents. Another thing is to conduct an inventory of assets and liabilities, a random check of primary accounting data or only the data contained in accounting registers and reporting. The methodology for conducting an initiative audit may differ from conducting a mandatory audit.

Mandatory audit in our country is carried out in accordance with Art. 5 Federal Law No. 307 of December 31, 2008, which presents the essence of the annual mandatory audit of accounting and financial reporting of an organization or individual entrepreneur.

Mandatory audit, according to the Federal Law, is carried out in the following cases:

If the organization has the organizational and legal form of an open joint stock company;

The organization is a credit organization, a credit history bureau, an insurance organization or a mutual insurance company, a commodity or stock exchange, an investment fund, a state extra-budgetary fund, the source of the formation of funds of which is the mandatory calculations provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, made by individuals and legal entities, the fund, the sources of the formation of funds which are voluntary contributions of individuals and legal entities;

The volume of revenue of an organization or individual entrepreneur from the sale of products (performance of work or provision of services) for the previous reporting year exceeds 50 million rubles or the amount of balance sheet assets as of the end of the year preceding the reporting year exceeds 20 million rubles;

In other cases established by federal laws.

According to the object of study, it is customary to distinguish three types of audit: financial, compliance and operational.

A financial audit (audit of financial statements) involves assessing the reliability of financial information. The evaluation criteria are usually generally accepted accounting principles.

A compliance audit is designed to identify how an enterprise complies with specific rules, regulations, laws, regulations, contractual obligations that affect the results of operations or reports.

Operational auditing is used to examine the procedures and methods of operation of an enterprise, assessing productivity and efficiency. It can be used to check the implementation of business plans, various target programs, etc.

Depending on the intended goals, operational audits are carried out at intersectoral, sectoral, intra-business levels, by external or internal auditors, in the interests of external or internal users.

Based on the frequency of audits, a distinction is made between initial and periodic audits. An initial audit is an inspection that is carried out for the first time at a given enterprise. Periodic audits are carried out at this enterprise, usually annually.

1.3 Audit stages

An audit includes several stages: preparation for the audit, collection of evidence and drawing up an audit report.

Preparation of an audit includes drawing up a letter about the audit and entering into an agreement. The audit letter is drawn up on the basis of Federal Standard No. 12. In reaching an agreement with the management of the audited entity, the auditor can use an audit letter - a document sent by the auditor to the proposed audited entity and signed by the management of the audited entity if they agree with the main terms of the audit engagement .

The purpose of the audit letter is to regulate the obligations of an economic entity and an audit organization or an auditor working independently as an individual entrepreneur at the stage of concluding an agreement to conduct an audit. In the case of repeated audits over a number of years, the auditor must decide whether there is a need to revise the terms of the audit engagement or remind the auditee of the existing terms of the contract.

In order to reduce business risk, audit organizations must have reliable criteria for assessing potential clients. The audit organization collects objective information about a potential client. Sources of such information may be: mass media; banks; insurance organizations; business partners, etc. If the results of the work performed indicate that when working with a given entity, the auditor’s business risk will be too high, and the audit will be too labor-intensive, the audit contract may not be concluded. An agreement is considered concluded if an agreement is reached between the parties in the form required in appropriate cases on all essential terms of the agreement.

Planning of audit activities is regulated by Federal Standard No. 3. The provisions of the standard apply primarily to recurring audits. For an audit that is being conducted for a given entity for the first time, the auditor is required to expand the planning process to include issues other than those specified in Federal Standard No. 3. Issues for conducting an initial audit are further addressed in Federal Standard No. 19.

Audit planning includes the following main stages: preliminary, preparation and drawing up of a general audit plan, preparation and drawing up of an audit program.

In the process of preparing the general plan and audit program, the effectiveness of the internal control system operating at the economic entity is assessed, and the internal control system itself is assessed. The internal control system is effective if it promptly warns about the occurrence of unreliable information and identifies it. When assessing the effectiveness of the internal control system, the audit organization must collect a sufficient amount of audit evidence. If the audit firm decides to rely on the internal control and accounting systems to obtain a reasonable degree of assurance about the reliability of the financial statements, it must adjust the scope of the forthcoming audit.

The results of the procedures carried out by the audit organization in preparing the general plan and program should be documented in detail, since they serve as the basis for planning the audit and can be used throughout the process of conducting audits of sections and accounts of accounting.

The general list of audit objects when drawing up a general audit plan covers the following items:

Constituent and other general documents of the organization;

Accounting policy of the organization;

Fixed assets;

Intangible assets;

Productive reserves;

Payroll calculations;

Cash;

Accounting statements and applications, etc.

The development of an audit program includes steps similar to those of the development of an overall audit plan. The program is a development of the general audit plan and represents a detailed list of audit procedures necessary for the practical implementation of the audit plan. It serves as detailed instructions for auditor assistants and at the same time as a means of monitoring the timing of work for the heads of the audit organization.

The auditor should document the audit program and assign a number to each procedure performed so that during the work process he can make references to them in working documents. The audit program is compiled in the form of a program of tests of controls, or in the form of a program of substantive audit procedures.

The auditor's conclusions for each section of the audit program, documented in the working documents, are the factual material for drawing up the audit report and audit report, as well as the basis for forming an objective opinion of the auditor on the financial statements of an economic entity.

At the end of the planning process, the overall plan and program must be documented and endorsed in the prescribed manner.

In Russian practice, issues of obtaining audit evidence are regulated by Federal Standard No. 5, which establishes uniform requirements for the quantity and quality of evidence that must be obtained during an audit of financial statements, as well as for the procedures performed to obtain evidence.

Audit evidence is the information obtained by the auditor during the audit, and the result of the analysis of this information, on which the auditor’s opinion is based. Audit evidence includes, in particular, primary documents and accounting records that form the basis of financial statements, as well as written explanations from authorized employees of the audited entity and information obtained from various sources (third parties).

Testing of internal controls means tests to obtain audit evidence regarding the proper design and effectiveness of the accounting and internal control systems.

Substantive testing procedures are aimed at obtaining audit evidence of material misstatements in the financial statements. Verification procedures mean:

Detailed tests assessing the correctness of recording transactions and balances in accounting accounts;

Analytical procedures.

The objects of assessment of accounting and internal control systems, regarding which the auditor collects evidence, include:

Organization - the arrangement of accounting and internal control systems that ensure the prevention and detection, as well as correction of material misstatements;

Operation - the effectiveness of the accounting and internal control systems during the relevant period.

Audit evidence is more convincing if it is obtained from different sources, has different content and does not contradict each other. In such cases, the auditor may be able to provide a higher degree of assurance than would be obtained by considering the audit evidence in isolation. Conversely, if audit evidence obtained from one source is inconsistent with that obtained from another, the auditor should determine additional procedures to determine the reasons for the discrepancy.

The auditor obtains audit evidence by performing substantive procedures such as inspection, observation, inquiry, confirmation, recalculation and analytical procedures. The duration of these procedures depends, in particular, on the time allowed for obtaining audit evidence.

Inspection- represents the examination of records, documents or tangible assets.

Observation- represents the auditor's monitoring of a process or procedure performed by others.

Request- seeking information from knowledgeable persons within or outside the audited entity.

In order to expand the provisions regarding methods for collecting audit evidence, the issues discussed should be developed in the internal standards of both accredited professional auditing associations and the internal standards of audit organizations. During the audit, all actions of auditors are aimed at achieving the main goal of the audit - the formation of an objective opinion on the reliability of the financial statements of an economic entity. This opinion constitutes the content of the auditor's report. According to Art. 6 Federal Law dated December 30, 2008 No. 307, audit report- an official document intended for users of the financial statements of the audited entities, containing the auditor’s opinion expressed in the prescribed form on the reliability of the financial statements of the audited entity. When drawing up the audit report, the auditor is guided by the provisions of federal standards No. 6, 10, 11, 22, 23.

The audit organization is obliged to submit an audit report only to the economic entity in the agreed number of copies and within the time frame agreed upon by the parties.

In accordance with Federal Law dated December 30, 2008 No. 307-FZ “On Auditing Activities,” the auditor’s report must contain:

1) Name "Audit report";

2) Indication of the addressee (shareholders of a joint-stock company, participants of a limited liability company, other persons);

3) Information about the audited entity: name, state registration number, location;

4) Information about the audit organization, individual auditor: name of the organization, full name of the individual auditor, state registration number, location, name of the self-regulatory organization of auditors, the members of which are the specified audit organization or individual auditor, number in the register of auditors and audit organizations;

5) A list of financial statements in respect of which the audit was conducted, indicating the period for which they were compiled, the distribution of responsibility in relation to these statements between the audited entity and the audit organization;

6) Information about the work performed by the audit organization to express an opinion on the reliability of the financial statements of the audited entity (scope of the audit);

7) Opinion of the auditing organization, individual auditor on the reliability of the financial statements of the audited entity, indicating the circumstances that have or may have a significant impact on the reliability of such statements;

8) Indication of the date of conclusion.

The audit report must be signed by the head of the auditor or the person authorized by the head and the person who conducted the audit, indicating the number and validity period of his qualification certificate. These signatures must be sealed.

The auditor's report in accordance with federal rule (standard) No. 6 "Audit report on accounting (financial) statements" from the point of view of assessing the reliability of the financial statements can be unconditionally positive or modified.

Unconditionally positive conclusion- such a conclusion means that the financial statements give a reliable picture of the financial position and results of the financial and economic activities of the audited entity in accordance with the established principles and methods of accounting and preparation of financial statements in the Russian Federation. All other conclusions are modified.

The modified auditor's report may:

Be negative.

The auditor's report is considered modified if:

Factors that do not influence the auditor's opinion, but are described in the auditor's report in order to attract the attention of users to any situation that has arisen in the audited entity and disclosed in the financial statements;

Factors influencing the auditor's opinion that could lead to a qualified opinion, disclaimer of opinion, or adverse opinion.

The auditor's report is accompanied by a complete set of financial statements of the economic entity for the corresponding financial year in respect of which the audit is being conducted.

Part 5 of Art. 6 Federal Law dated December 30, 2008 No. 307, introduced the concept of “deliberately false audit report”, drawn up without an audit or drawn up based on the results of an audit, but clearly contradicting the contents of the documents submitted to the audit organization and considered during the audit. An auditor's report is recognized as knowingly false by a court decision.

1. 4 Requirements, legislationO, regulatory regulationaudit activities

The relevant legal and legislative documents contain provisions on organizing audit activities, conducting certification and improving the qualifications of auditors. The main documents that ensure regulatory regulation and functioning of the audit system in the Russian Federation include: the Civil Code, the Tax Code, the Law on Accounting, the Federal Law “On Auditing Activities”, the Federal Law “On Licensing of Certain Types of Activities” dated 08.08.2001 No. 128-FZ, Temporary regulations on the system of training and advanced training of auditors in the Russian Federation, approved. by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated September 12, 2002 No. 93n, Federal rules (standards) of auditing activities, approved. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated September 23. 2002 No. 696.

In Russia, the system of regulatory regulation of auditing activities is in its infancy. Among the presented concepts and regulatory systems, a multi-level system of regulatory regulation of auditing activities seems to be the most appropriate. This system includes four main levels.

Level 1- includes the Federal Law of s, which is one of the main legislative acts and determines the place of audit in financial and economic activities as its necessary equal element.

To level 2 documents regulating auditing activities in the Russian Federation include those that define general issues of regulation of auditing activities that are mandatory for market entities. This includes federal standards. Currently, 33 federal standards have been developed and approved.

To level 3 These include regulations of ministries and federal services that establish the rules of auditing and conducting audits in relation to specific industries, organizations and on certain issues of taxation, finance, accounting, etc.

Level 4 includes internal regulations (standards) for auditing activities, which are developed by audit organizations on the basis of federal auditing standards and practices.

The first Federal Law was adopted in August 2001, which confirmed the final formation of the Russian audit system and determined the prospects for its further development.

2. Planning an audit of cash transactions of an LLC organization" Sphere"

2.1 Structure of the audited enterprise LLC" Sphere"

The commercial organization Sfera LLC was registered by the administration of Cherepovets, June 21, 2001, TIN 3528102655, KPP 3520253260. This organization has the following legal address: Vologda region, Cherepovets, st. Krasnaya, 1, apt. 45, later the company opened branches in several cities of the Komi Republic, such as Syktyvkar, Inta, Ukhta, etc.

In accordance with the Charter of the organization, "Sfera" is a limited liability company, which is a legal entity, has an independent balance sheet, a current account in the branch of OJSC "Gazprombank" in Ukhta, and operates on the principles of self-financing and self-financing. Created without limiting the period of activity, this organization has civil rights and bears the responsibilities necessary to carry out any types of activities not prohibited by the legislation of the Russian Federation. Also, Sfera LLC is the owner of property belonging to it, including property contributed to the authorized capital of the enterprise.

LLC "Sfera" was created with the aim of obtaining maximum profit and providing the population in the following areas:

Procurement and processing of scrap ferrous metals;

Sales of secondary rolled metal;

Cargo handling;

Responsible storage of partner products;

Renting industrial and office premises.

Sfera LLC has been operating in the market for these services in Ukhta for more than 5 years. During this time, it has established itself as one of the strongest competitors. LLC "Sfera" works with such large enterprises of the city as LLC "Gazprom", LLC "Lukoil", JSC "Pechoraneftegaz", etc.

The average headcount in 2010 was 49 people, of which the share of production workers was 68%. The management of the enterprise is headed by the General Director Tereshchenko P.A., the accounting department is headed by the Chief Accountant Sokolova N.A.

An agreement was concluded between the branch of Sfera LLC in Ukhta and the professional auditing firm Yurist for the provision of audit services to the enterprise. The agreement is of an initiative nature and was concluded for a period until December 31, 2010, with possible extension.

2.2 Plan and program for auditing LLC funds" Sphere"

The purpose of an audit of cash transactions is to establish compliance by economic entities with the rules for conducting cash transactions, the completeness and accuracy of the reflection in the accounting of cash and banking transactions.

Sources of information for the audit are: cash book, receipt and expenditure orders, bank account statements, payment documents, accounting registers for cash accounting, reporting, etc.

Numerous and varied cash flow operations at the enterprise's cash desk are also reflected in the following registers of synthetic accounting and reporting: general ledger; journal - order No. 1 and statement No. 1; other registers for synthetic accounting of cash transactions; enterprise balance sheet; statement of financial results and their use; cash flow statement.

Before conducting a cash audit, an enterprise must enter into an agreement with an audit firm for a cash audit, which will indicate exactly what actions the auditor will perform and within what time frame during this audit. The contract must be accompanied by a plan and program that was specially developed by the audit organization in order to fulfill the obligations under the proactive audit contract at the enterprise. In this case, this is a program for auditing the company’s funds. (Appendix 1 and 2)

Before embarking on a full audit of cash transactions, the auditor must plan this audit. After all, a “complete” check does not mean at all that all cash documents will be reviewed one after another. Each procedure has its own purpose, pursues a specific goal, and its results must be presented in the form of a special table.

An audit of cash transactions begins with an inventory of funds in the company's cash desk. The cashier, in the presence of the auditor, draws up a cash report on cash transactions for the last day, displays the balance of money in the cash book on the day of the audit. At the same time, a receipt is taken from the cashier that all receipt documents are included in the report and by the time the cash register is inventoried, there is no money that has not been received or written off as an expense. Then a sheet-by-sheet count of money begins. After counting the money and other valuables stored in the cash register, the resulting balance is compared with the accounting data in the cash book.

The results of the audit are documented by drawing up a report, which is signed by the auditors, chief accountant and cashier. In case of detection of surplus or shortage of cash or other valuables, it is necessary to obtain a written explanation from the cashier.

When taking inventory of the cash register, it is checked: whether an agreement on full financial liability in the established form has been concluded with the cashier and distributors; is there an order for the appointment of a cashier, does the cash register premises comply with recommendations for ensuring the safety of funds, for technical strength and equipment with security and fire alarm systems.

When checking the cash register, it is most important to check:

Completeness and timeliness of posting of funds received by checks from the bank. Reconciliation is made with bank statements;

Correct execution of incoming and outgoing orders, cash book, journal of registration of incoming and outgoing cash orders;

The presence of a signature in the receipt of money, the correspondence of the signatures for the receipt of money in expenditure orders and statements with the signatures in other documents;

The correctness of maintaining the cash book and the balances of money displayed in it at the end of the day;

Correctness of totals in payrolls;

Correct execution of documents when depositing wages;

The correctness of the issuance of money by proxy;

Compliance with limits on storing money in the cash register and the procedure for cash settlements with legal entities;

Storing safe keys and their duplicates;

Implementation of resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation on the use of cash registers when making cash payments to the population;

Correctness of accounting entries;

Correspondence of entries in the cash book to entries in the journal - order No. 1 and statement No. 1 for account 50 "Cash" and the General Ledger for the past period.

Next, the completeness and timeliness of the receipt of funds received at the cash desk is checked. Particular attention is paid to checking transactions for writing off funds for production costs or distribution costs.

An enterprise may have cash in its cash desk within the limit established by the bank in agreement with the head of the organization.

The issuance of cash to pay wages is carried out according to properly executed pay slips, in which erasures and corrections are not allowed.

Upon expiration of the established period for payment of wages, the cashier must:

In the payroll against the names of persons to whom payments have not been made, make the note “Deposited”;

Compile a register of deposited amounts;

At the end of the payroll, make an inscription about the amounts actually paid and subject to deposit, check with the total on the statement and seal the inscription with your signature;

Record the amount actually paid in the cash book and put a stamp on the statement “Cash expenditure order No...” The deposited amounts are handed over to the bank, and one general cash expenditure order is drawn up for them.

Cash is accepted by the enterprise's cash desk according to cash receipt orders signed by the chief accountant or a person authorized to do so.

Cash is issued from the cash register using cash receipts or other documents.

Cash desk is an isolated room, equipped in the prescribed manner, intended for receiving, issuing, and temporary storage of cash and securities. Storing cash and other valuables that do not belong to the enterprise in the cash register is prohibited.

The auditor may use the questionnaire presented in Appendix 3 during the audit.

Responsibility for compliance with the procedure for conducting cash transactions rests with the manager, chief accountant, accountant and cashier. Therefore, the auditor must interview each of the responsible employees, therefore the auditor’s questionnaire is drawn up in four copies, each with the position, surname, first name and patronymic of the person with whom the interview was conducted.

According to this questionnaire, preliminary conclusions can be drawn: that Sfera LLC has a number of negative aspects:

The cash register does not have a separate room, which weakens the protection of funds and other material assets of the enterprise from theft;

The company does not have established deadlines for sudden audits, which can lead to distortion of accounting data;

When changing a cashier, as a MOL, an audit must be carried out, but this is not the case at the enterprise;

The enterprise does not have a cash register, but according to Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 6, 2008 No. 359 (as amended on February 14, 2009), this is not a violation if the enterprise has strict reporting forms equivalent to checks. At Sfera LLC, such a form is invoices for the release of goods;

The enterprise has no restrictions on the timing of the use of funds for business needs, which reduces the ability to control the expenditure of funds.

According to preliminary findings, the auditor at Sfera LLC needs to carry out a number of procedures to identify possible violations or abuses:

Cash inventory;

Checking the presence of the manager’s signature on the PKO and RKO, Ch. accountant, cashier and receipts of money recipients;

Checking the completeness of the receipt of funds received from the bank by check to the cash desk of the enterprise;

Checking the timeliness of employee payments for funds issued for business needs;

Checking the log of issued powers of attorney;

Checking the correctness of the posting of amounts under powers of attorney;

Checking the completeness of the primary cash receipt documents attached to the cashier’s report;

Checking the completeness of the primary expense cash documents attached to the cashier’s report;

Checking the results of cash reports;

Checking the validity of including persons in payroll statements;

Checking the compliance of payroll records with registers of deposited amounts;

Checking the compliance of issued cash receipts with the register of depositors;

Checking cash settlements with other legal entities in amounts exceeding the established limit;

Checking compliance with the cash balance limit established by the bank; checking the enterprise’s compliance with the maximum amounts of settlements between legal entities in cash received at the cash desk;

Checking the correctness of keeping books of the cashier - operator, etc.

According to the audit, accounting of cash transactions at the enterprise is kept on balance sheet account 50 "Cash" in accordance with the Procedure for conducting cash transactions in the Russian Federation and a subaccount 50/1 "Cash of the organization" has been opened to it.

In the debit of the account, records are kept about the receipt of money, for example, typical transactions for working with a cash register are:

· Money was transferred from the current account (D 50 - K 51);

· Receipt of revenue for products from customers (D 50 - K 62);

· Return of the balance of the amount from the sub-account (D 50 - K 71);

The loan reflects the expenditure of funds from the cash register, for example:

· Issuance of salaries (D 70 - K 50);

· Issue on record (D 71 - K 50);

· Depositing into bank accounts (D 51-K 50).

The enterprise has created almost all possible conditions to ensure the safety of funds, such as: money is stored in a fireproof safe, the cash register has an alarm and panic button, the enterprise has its own security service, etc.

During the previous period, the cash register inventory was carried out once - by prior order of the manager - no surpluses or shortages were identified.

To carry out an inventory of funds, by order of the head of the organization, an audit commission consisting of three people was approved:

Sokolova N.A. - Chief Accountant;

Tereshchenko T.O. - accountant;

Terentyeva L.I. - member of the audit commission.

In the presence of the cashier and the auditor, an inventory of the cash register was carried out: cash receipts and expenditure orders, a cash report, documents on transactions of the last day were checked, cash was recalculated - a shortage of 102 rubles, 50 kopecks was established. This shortage should be written off using the following entries: D94 - K50 (the shortage was identified during the cash register inventory); D 73/2 - K 94 (according to the agreement with the cashier on full individual financial responsibility, the identified shortage was written off to the culprit - cashier V.V. Rybets). Upon completion of the audit, a Cash Inventory Report was drawn up and handed over to the manager and chief accountant.

According to the Procedure for Conducting Cash Transactions in the Russian Federation, all cash transactions must be formalized using standard interdepartmental forms of primary accounting documentation for enterprises and organizations. All primary documents attached to the incoming cash order and the outgoing cash order are stamped “Received” and “Paid.” However, at the Sfera LLC enterprise, not all details of cash documents are filled out:

Expenditure cash order No. 215 dated March 29. 2010 in the amount of 1000.00 rubles. Shmeleva O.P. - there is no decoding of the cashier’s signature;

Receipt cash order No. 71 dated January 26, 2010. In the amount of 4820 rubles, 50 kopecks. from Stroy Sever LLC - the basis for the operation is not stated;

Receipt cash order No. 183 dated March 21, 2010, in the amount of 1,750 rubles, from Timofeev N.O. - no supporting document

The limit for storing funds in the cash desk, established by the GPB branch in Ukhta on January 1, 2010, is observed and amounts to 19,000 rubles.

Checking compliance with the maximum amount of cash settlements with legal entities complies with the instructions of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation dated June 20, 2007 No. 1843-U “On establishing the maximum amount of cash settlements in the Russian Federation between legal entities for one transaction” - in the amount of no more than 100,000 rubles . The following calculations were carried out at Sfera LLC:

LLC "VtorMetall" in the amount of 12,000 rubles, payment to the supplier for the goods;

LLC "TekhOptTorg" in the amount of 26,980 rubles, payment for electricity;

LLC "RUS-Trans" for 31000, payment for the vehicle.

In accordance with clause 19 of the Procedure for conducting cash transactions in the Russian Federation, erasures, blots or corrections in cash documents are not allowed, since these forms are forms of strict reporting. At the enterprise, this rule was violated when the cashier filled out the cash book dated February 24, 2010, the balance at the beginning of the day was 11,253 rubles, it was corrected to 11,263 rubles.

At the Sfera LLC enterprise, there are cases of failure to display the balance at the end of the day in the cashier's reports, which is a violation of the Procedure for conducting cash transactions in the Russian Federation.

Checking the correctness and timeliness of the posting of money received by cash checks from the bank did not show any violations; the amounts that were indicated in the cash book, on the spine of the check book and in the bank statement were verified, in addition, the check numbers indicated in the receipt order and on the counter were compared check.

An audit of the expenditure of cash from the cash register established: in accordance with clause 16 of the Procedure for Conducting Cash Operations in the Russian Federation, the issuance of money to persons who are not on the payroll of the enterprise is carried out according to cash expenditure orders issued separately for each person, on the basis of concluded agreements. In addition, the issuance of money under an expenditure cash order to an individual is made only upon presentation of an identification document of the recipient, whose data must be entered in the expenditure cash order.

The enterprise LLC "Sfera" concluded labor agreements for the performance of work, however, in the cash receipts for the payment of wages, the recipient's passport information was not indicated:

Expenditure cash order No. 178 dated February 22, 2010 for the amount of 19,100 rubles. Markov N.O;

Expense cash order No. 179 dated February 22, 2010 for the amount of 8,750 rubles. Pereputov P.N.

Checking compliance with the procedure for using cash registers showed that the enterprise does not have a cash register; all payments are made with receipts and expenditure orders based on an invoice in a form approved by the head of the enterprise.

2.3 Checking the accounting of transactionson bank account

When auditing transactions on a current account, it is necessary to establish:

Do the amounts on bank statements correspond to the amounts indicated in the primary documents;

Is there a bank stamp on the attached primary documents?

Correctness and completeness of crediting funds deposited to the bank in cash;

Justification for transferring funds;

Correct preparation of accounting entries for bank transactions;

Compliance of the entries indicated in the bank statements with the entries in the journal order No. 2, statement No. 2 and the General Ledger;

Completeness and accuracy of bank statements and documents related to them.

For verification, the auditor can apply the control tests specified in Appendix No. 2.

Sources of information on accounting for funds in the current account are: the balance sheet for account 51 “Current account”, form No. 1 “Balance sheet” as of 03/30/2010, bank documents for 2010.

According to the requirements for conducting transactions with a current account, funds from the company's account are debited by order of the account owners. All payments from the accounts of the enterprise are carried out in the order determined by the head of the enterprise, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation. Payment documents have a standard form and contain the necessary details; they are accepted by the bank for execution if there are signatures of authorized persons of the enterprise.

Blots and erasures in settlement documents are not allowed. Incorrectly executed settlement and monetary documents will not be accepted for processing.

Accounting for transactions on the current account on account 51 "Current account". The debit reflects the receipt of funds, and the credit reflects the debit of funds from the current account. For example, typical transactions for working with a current account are:

D 51 - K 50 - cash delivery from the cash desk to the bank;

D 51 - K 62 - receipt of funds from buyers;

D 51 - K 66, 67 - receipt of loans;

D 69 (by individual social funds) - K 51 - Unified Social Tax is listed

D 60 - K 51 - transferred to suppliers;

D 50 - K 51 - issued to the cash desk of the enterprise;

D 76 - K 51 - transfer of accounts payable;

D 99 - K 51 - Payment of fines, penalties, etc.

Transactions on the current account are reflected in accounting on the basis of bank statements on the current account and monetary settlement documents attached to them.

A random check found:

1. The general ledger data on cash balances on the current account corresponds to the data in bank statements at the beginning and end of the period under review;

2. Business transactions for the movement of funds on the current account No. 40702810000170000715, opened in the branch of OJSC Gazprombank, are reflected in the accounting registers in a timely manner and in full;

3. The completeness of the reflection of cash amounts in Form No. 1 “Balance Sheet” as of 03/31/2010 was checked. The indicator in line 260 “Cash” of the balance sheet corresponds to the accounting data (turnover balance sheet) as of 03/31/2010.

4. During the audit of transactions involving the accounting of funds in the current account, monetary documents, no violations were identified.

The audit report of the Limited Liability Company "Sfera" for the 1st quarter of 2010 was presented by the specialized audit organization "Yurist" on the basis of agreement No. IA-48/10 dated January 10, 2010, which audited the company's funds.

The audit was carried out in accordance with Federal Law No. 307-FZ dated December 30, 2008 “On Auditing Activities”.

The audit included checking, on a sample basis, confirmations of the numerical data and explanations contained in the financial statements of Sfera LLC for the 1st quarter.

The audit was carried out by:

Baranova N.A. - head of the audit team;

Pavlova V.O. - Lead auditor.

Responsible for the audited period:

Sokolova N.A. - Chief Accountant;

Tereshchenko T.O. - accountant;

Rybets V.V. - cashier

A random audit was carried out based on the approved and agreed upon audit plan from May 25 to May 30, 2010.

The funds of Sfera LLC are reflected in the balance sheet of the enterprise on page 260 of the balance sheet “Cash”.

Based on the results of the audit conducted at the Sfera LLC enterprise, it is necessary to bring the conduct of cash transactions in accordance with the requirements of the Procedure for Conducting Cash Transactions in the Russian Federation:

The company needs, whenever possible, to allocate a separate room for the cash register, which will greatly reduce the likelihood of theft of funds;

It is proposed to carry out an inventory of the cash register, suddenly once a month, to increase the level of internal control in the enterprise.

Pay closer attention to the paperwork;

Prepare the cash book in a timely and correct manner;

Correctly fill out the cash register for employees who are not on the payroll of the enterprise, etc.

No violations in the maintenance of the current account were identified.

Taking into account the proposed comments, it can be stated that the financial statements of the enterprise are compiled adequately for all business transactions.

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Beginning of the cash audit - reconciliation of cash transactions. Checking the correctness of cash transactions. The auditor prepares the results of the inventory of cash and other valuables at the cash desk in an act in a standard form.

Carrying out economic activities, the enterprise enters into business agreements with various business entities.

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There is a circulation of funds, various calculations are made. To streamline all operations, it is worth learning how a cash audit is carried out.

What you need to know

Accounting and control of funds is of great importance. The movement of cash is carried out through cash transactions.

Properly organized accounting allows you to competently make money circulation, settlements with partners, etc.

This approach contributes to the rational use of funds and generating additional income. Which is important in a market economy.

Basic Concepts

Cash is a highly liquid resource of any organization that guarantees the fulfillment of various obligations.

They repay loan debts in a timely manner, make non-cash and cash payments, purchase goods, and pay for services.

There are also regulations that relate to various types of audits - insurance companies, banking institutions, investment institutions, extra-budgetary funds.

Federal Law No. 307-FZ dated December 30, 2008 gives inspection bodies the following rights and responsibilities:

• choose methods and forms of inspection, composition of specialists;
• receive clarification from the management of the enterprise on issues that have arisen;
• examine all documentation, including checking the availability of individual papers;
• refuse to conduct an audit in cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation;
• provide justification for the presented audit results;
• ensure the safety of transferred documentation.

In-house documentation reveals the technology for using the legislative framework and monitors the application of established standards and regulations.

Audit of funds at the enterprise

In most cases, control over the movement of monetary assets, settlements with partners, and payment of received loans is carried out by the enterprise's internal auditors. When there are none, they resort to the help of third-party specialists.

The purpose of the audit is the compliance of the accounts used by accountants, the applied methodology for accounting for monetary resources in current accounts, and the current legislation at the time of implementation.

Before signing the audit agreement, the audit planning takes place:

• how many cash registers are there at the enterprise;
• how wages are paid and cash is deposited;
• what type of payments are made through the cash register - with customers, payment of wages;
• what currency are they open for?
• what monetary units the organization has in its bank accounts.

In the process of examining the correct reflection of cash, the inspector compares the issue balances with the balances in the general ledger.

Lastly, the received data is verified with the provided accounting registers.

Methodology used

There is a selective and complete audit method. The main task is:

1. Study and test accounting reports on the company’s financial and economic activities.
2. Evaluate the method of accounting principles.
3. Determine management estimates.
4. Evaluate the overall understanding of financial statements.

During the audit, evidence is collected based on the following parameters:

After studying the main issues, the auditor is obliged to evaluate them, express the opinion of a specialist, and give advice on eliminating identified deviations from established standards and identified violations.

Program (table)

When drawing up an inspection plan, it is taken into account what documentation should be examined. Table:

Detailed diagram:

Planned work	Date	Performers	Audit methodology	A source of information
Preliminary acquaintance with the activities of the institution, verification of legal grounds	date	Full name		Constituent documentation, certificate of state registration, tax registration, data on ruble bank accounts, statistical information, licenses received
Analysis of the general state of financial statements and accounting - are business transactions correctly reflected in the accounting records?	ata	Full name	Continuous, selective, combined, documentary, factual	General ledger turnover and balance sheet of the organization for the audit period
Checking the transactions carried out to account for money in the cash register – completeness and timeliness of recording cash transactions; – compliance with requirements regarding cash management procedures; – compliance with the established balance of the cash limit for making payments; – competent maintenance of synthetic and analytical accounting of funds in the cash register	date	Full name	Continuous, selective, combined, documentary, factual	, primary documentation, cash documentation, for the period under review, analysis of the “Cash” account, compiled balance sheet
Checking the accounting of monetary resources in accounts opened in banking institutions: – comparison of data from primary banking documents with accounting registers	date	Full name	Continuous, selective, combined, documentary, factual	Balance sheet, general ledger, primary documentation for the Cash and Current Account accounts

Cash flows on the current account

When auditing transactions made on a current account, the following is examined:

Matching bank statements	With accounting register data
Procedure for maintaining documentation	Related to the reflection of business transactions
Timely entry of entries from bank statements into the appropriate accounting forms	The entries in the "Current Account" account are compared with the forms "Settlements with debtors, creditors", "Settlements with buyers, customers"
Maintaining synthetic accounting separately	For each account opened with a financial institution
Compilation of a consolidated register	By all accounts
Receipt of funds from a credit institution	Through counter-verification, the full and justified use of finances is established
Compliance with the legal regime when using a foreign currency account	The correct reflection of transactions when selling and purchasing foreign currency is checked

When creating a program for checking a current account, it is convenient to use the questions from the table:

Question	Answer	Supporting document to be provided
One current account	Yes No	Agreement with a financial institution, statements, primary documentation
Foreign currency account opened	Yes No	Agreement, primary documents, bank statements
Currency is received for	Yes No	Application for the purchase of foreign currency
A letter of credit form of payment is used	Yes No	Agreement to open a letter of credit

Upon assignment

The auditor, when conducting an audit of cash accounting, takes into account possible violations of current legislation. The main ones are errors when registering cash transactions, theft, and abuse.

Misappropriation of funds can take various forms:

• outright theft;
• non-receipt of the amount received from the current account received from business entities;
• unjustified write-off of funds;
• misappropriation of wages and amounts belonging to other enterprises;
• carrying out settlements with unregistered persons;
• exceeding the cash limit at the end of the working day;
• untimely reporting from accountable persons.

Transactions carried out using a current account are subject to detailed verification. Someone may spend funds for goods not received or work not completed.

To identify violations, an intersecting check of the cash desk with the bank is carried out. Researched:

• if funds were cashed out, is it attached to the cash register;
• Do the cash register records match the bank data?

Identified inconsistencies are subject to reflection in the report based on the results of the audit and recording in the working documentation.

Traffic report

The report on the movement of monetary resources is supplemented by a balance sheet on the state of monetary amounts. The form contains data for the previous and audited period.

The document clearly shows that there has been a decrease or increase in income. It reflects the balance at the beginning of the quarter under review, the movement of funds, and the final balance.

In conclusion, the auditor expresses an opinion on the audit performed:

1. Compliance of accounting with current legislation.
2. Is the cash account and current account accounted for correctly?
3. Is the safety of resources ensured?
4. Is the loan spent on purpose?

Is improvement needed?

The results of the analysis must be compared with the general financial situation of the enterprise. It is important to pay attention not to the amount of profit, but to whether the organization is able to repay debts on time.

In simple terms, whether its assets are liquid. Can provide advice on how to improve business management upon completion of the inspection.

Using the example of an enterprise

Periodicity LLC was created in 2000. Is a legal entity that acts on the basis of. The main activity of the enterprise is aimed at making a profit.

The company is engaged in retail trade, intermediary activities, provision of